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diff --git a/jeff-subnetting-chart.md b/jeff-subnetting-chart.md index 939b2e3..bbcf53e 100644 --- a/jeff-subnetting-chart.md +++ b/jeff-subnetting-chart.md @@ -10,3 +10,70 @@ Each IPv4 address has 8 bits and each bit has a place, each place has a value. This is positional notation. +If we explode the third octate, x.x._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.x + +The values for each place in an octet are 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 + +Adding these values together will get us: 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 which is the decimal mask based upon position. + +Pretending we are in the third octet for example, if we were to list out masks in slash notation we would have: + +/17 /18 /19 /20 /21 /22/ 23 /24 + +Putting those lines together get us a lot of information such as, a mask in decimal, block size, and decimal mask in slash. + +128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 (mask in decimal) +128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 (positional notation and block size) +/17 /18 /19 /20 /21 /22 /23 /24 (mask in slash notation) + +That is an excelent chart to use, we can add the slash notation depending upon which octet we are working in. + +For example: + +Given Class B 172.25.0.0 we need 0 hosts over 6 networks + +Figuring they gave you the network ID an dsince it is class B the default mask is /16 or 255.255.0.0 + +We'd start from 172.25.0.0/16, the first two octets are network bits but based on the mask the 3rd and 4th octets are completly available. We need to subnet to meet their +requirements of 80 hosts per network and at least 6 networks. Since the last two octets are completely avilable we have 16 bits available to do that. + +Using the the `2^h-2` and `2^n` formulas, where h=number of hosts bits left over and n=number of hosts bits borrowed. + +2^6-2=62 but 2^7-2=126, so we need to ensure however many bits we borrow we leave at least 7 to meet the hosts requirements. + +They want over 6 new networks so we need to borrow all of the rest of the bits from the 16 we had available, which is 9. We already set aside 7 for the host requirements +(16-7=9). We add the 9 bits (locking bits in place from left to right) to the bits we already have representing network bits (/16, the first two octets), which is 16+9 (16+9=25) +and that gives us a new mask of /25. + +We can double check by subtracting the total number of bits from our 25 to see if we have the amount of bits needed for the required hosts, 32-25=7. + +Another forumla we can use, 2^n, can be used to find the number of new networks. 2^9=512. We have lots of networks and should definietely be over 6. + +Our subnets are going to start at the address we were given, 172.25.0.0, and go up from there by increments of 128. + +New subnets: +1. 172.25.0.0/25 +2. 172.25.0.128/25 +3. 172.25.1.0/25 +4. 172.25.1.128/25 +5. 172.25.2.0/25 +6. 172.25.2.128/25 +7. 172.25.3.0/25 +8. 172.25.3.128/25 + +# Finding the Network Address + +Given 192.168.23.12/29 + +We're in the fourth octet so adding slash notation as well for the fourth octet + +128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 +128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 +/25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30 /31 /32 + +/29 gives a block size of 8. + +Subnet ID: 192.168.23.8/29 +First Usable: 192.168.23.9 +Last Usable: 192.168.23.14 +Broadcast: 192.168.23.15 (The final address before the next block)
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