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diff --git a/1.0 Network Fundamentals/Use-Models-to-Understand-IP-Networking.md b/1.0 Network Fundamentals/Use-Models-to-Understand-IP-Networking.md
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+# User Models to Understand IP Networking
+
+## Network Models
+
+|| OSI | TCP/IP | Actual |
+|7|Application|Application|Application|
+|6|Presentation|Application|Application|
+|5|Session|Application|Application|
+|4|Transport|Transport|Transport|
+|3|Network|Network|Network|
+|2|Data Link|Network Access|Data Link|
+|1|Physical|Network Access|Physical|
+
diff --git a/1.0 Network Fundamentals/esay-prompts-1.md b/1.0 Network Fundamentals/esay-prompts-1.md
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+* 1.0 Network Fundamentals
+    * 1.1 Explain the role and function of network components
+        * 1.1 a Routers
+            A router is a device on Layer 3, the network layer, that forwards traffic between local area networks based on their IP addresses.
+            Routers have a routing table that lists known networks and the best paths to reach them. Routers are an essential part for breaking up broadcast
+            domains, enabling communication between different IP networks, and applying network policies.
+        * 1.1.b Layer 2 and Layer 3 Switches
+            A Layer 2 switch forwards frames through a network based on the destination MAC address in the Layer 2 header.
+            A Layer 3 Switch is a multilayer switch that operates on Layer 3, the network layer.
+        * 1.1.c Next-generation firewalls and IPS
+        * 1.1.d Access Points
+        * 1.1.e Controllers (Cisco DNA Center and WLC)
+        * 1.1.f Endpoints
+        * 1.1.g Servers
+            Servers provide services to clients.
+        * 1.1.h PoE
+    * 1.2 Describe characteristics of network topology architectures
+        * 1.2.a Two-tier
+        * 1.2.b Three-tier
+        * 1.2.c Spine-leaf
+        * 1.2.d WAN
+        * 1.2.e Small office/home office (SOHO)
+        * 1.2.f On-premises and cloud
+    * 1.3 Compare physical interface and cabling types
+        * 1.3.a Single-mode fiber, multimode fiber, copper
+        * 1.3.b Connections (Ethernet shared media and point-to-point)
+    * 1.4 Identify interface and cable issues (collisions,errors, mismatch duplex, and/or speed)
+        * 
+    * 1.5 Compare TCP and UDP
+    * 1.6 Configure and verify IPv4 addressing and subnetting
+    * 1.7 Describe private IPv4 addressing
+    * 1.8 Configure and verify IPv6 addressing and prefix
+    * 1.9 Describe IPv6 address types
+        * 1.9.a Unicast (global, unique local, and link local)
+        * 1.9.b Anycast
+        * 1.9.c Multicast
+        * 1.9.d MOdified EUI 64
+    * 1.10 Verify IP parameters for Client OS (Windows, Mac OS, Linux)
+    * 1.11 Describe wireless principles
+        * 1.10.a Nonoverlapping Wi-Fi channels
+        * 1.10.b SSID
+        * 1.10.c RF
+        * 1.10.d Encryptio
+    * 1.12 Explain virtulaization fundamentals (server virtualiation, containers, and VRFs)
+    * 1.13 Describe switching concepts
+        * 1.13.a MAC learning and aging
+        * 1.13.b Frame switching
+        * 1.13.c Frame flooding
+        * 1.13.d MAC address table
+* 2.0 Network Access
+    * 2.1 Configure and verify VLANs (normal range) spanning multiple switches
+        2.1.a Access ports (data and voice)
+        2.1.b Default VLAN
+        2.1.c InterVLAN connectivity
+    * 2.2 Configure and verify interswitch connectivity
+        2.2.a Trunk ports
+        2.2.b 802.1Q
+        2.2.c Native VLAN
+    * 2.3 Configure and verify Layer 2 discovery protocols (Cisco Discovery Protocol and LLDP)
+    * 2.4 Configure and verify (Layer 2/Layer 3) EtherChannel (LACP)
+    * 2.5 Interpret basic operations of Rapid/ PVST+ Spanning Tree Protocol
+        * 2.5.a Root port, root bridge (primary/secondary), and other port names
+        * 2.5.b Port states and roles
+        * 2.5.c PortFast
+        * 2.5.d Root guard, loop guard, BPDU filter and BPDU guard
+    * 2.6 Describe Cisco Wireless Architectures and AP modes
+    * 2.7 Describe physical infrastructure connections of WLAN components (AP, WLC, access/trunk ports and LAG)
+    * 2.8 Describe network device management access (Telnet, SSH, HTTP, HTTPS, console, TACAS+/RADIUS, and LAG)
+    * 2.9 Interpret the wireless LAN GUI configuration for client connectivity, such as WLAN creation, security settings, QoS profiles, and advanced settings
+* 3.0 IP Connectivity
+    * 3.1 Interpret the components of routing table
+        * 3.1.a Routing protocols code
+        * 3.1.b Prefix
+        * 3.1.c Network mask
+        * 3.1.d Next hop
+        * 3.1.e Administrative distance
+        * 3.1.f Metric
+        * 3.1.g Gateway of last restore
+    * 3.2 Determing how a router makes forwarding decision by default
+        * 3.2.a Longest prefix match
+        * 3.2.b ADministrative distance
+        * 3.2.c Routing protocol metric
+    * 3.3 Configure and verify IPv4 and IPv6 static routing
+        * 3.3.a Default route
+        * 3.3.b Network route
+        * 3.3.c Host route
+        * 3.3.d Floating static
+    * 3.4 Configure and verify single area OSPFv2
+        * 3.4.a Neighbor adjacencies
+        * 3.4.b Point-to-point
+        * 3.4.c Broadcast (DR/BDR selection)
+        * 3.4.d Router ID
+    * 3.5 Describe the purpose, functions, and concepts of the first hop redundancy protocols
+* 4.0 IP Services
+    * 4.1 Configure and verify inside source NAT using static and pools
+    * 4.2 Configure and verify NTP operating in a client and server mode
+    * 4.3 Explain the role of DHCP and DNS within the network
+    * 4.4 Explain the function of SNMP in network operations
+    * 4.5 Describe the use of syslog features, including facilities and severity levels
+    * 4.6 Configure and verify DHCP client and relay
+    * 4.7 Explain the forwarding per-hop behavior (PHB) for QOS such as classifcation, marking, queuing, congestion, policing, and shaping
+    * 4.8 Configure network devices for remote access using SSH
+    * 4.9 Describe the capabilities and functions of TFTP/FTP in the network
+* 5.0 Security Fundamentals
+    * 5.1 Define key security concepts (threats, vulnerabilites, exploits, and mitigation techniques)
+    * 5.2 Describe security program elements (user awareness, training and physical access control)
+    * 5.3 Configure and verify device access  control using local passwords
+    * 5.4 Describe Security password policy elements, such as management, complexity, and password alternatives (multifactor authentication, certificates, and biometrics)
+    * 5.5 Describe IPsec remote access and site-to-site VPNs
+    * 5.6 Configure and verify access control lists
+    * 5.7 Configure and verify Layer 2 security features (DHCP snooping, dynmaic ARP inspection, and port security)
+    * 5.8 Compare authentication, authorization, and accounting concepts
+    * 5.9 Describe wireless security protocols (WPA, WPA2, and WPA3)
+    * 5.10 configure and verify WLAN within the GUI using WPA2 PSK
+* 6.1 Explain how automation impacts network management
+    * 6.2 Compare traditional networks and controller-based networking
+    * 6.3 Describe controller-based,software defined architecture (overlay, underlay, and fabric)
+        * 6.3.a Seperation of control plane and data plane
+        * 6.3.b Northbound and Southbound APIs
+    * 6.4 Explain AI (generative and predictive) and machine learning in network operations
+    * 6.5 Describe characteristics of REST-based APIs (authentication types, CRUD, HTTP verbs, and data encoding)
+    * 6.6 Recoginize the capabilities of configuration management mechanisms such as Ansible and Terraform
+    * 6.7 Recognize compenents
+
+
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