diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | .footer.html | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 404.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | auth.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | bat.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | bitcoin.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | certbot.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | cron.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | crypto.html | 8 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | dns.html | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | domain.html | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | federation.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gemini.html | 103 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | git.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | gitea.html | 109 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | html.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | html2.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | html4.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | index.html | 13 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | irc.html | 801 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | maintenance.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | monero.html | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | nextcloud.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | nginx.html | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | openalias.html | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/gitea-push-create.png | bin | 0 -> 6546 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/gitea.svg | 31 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc.svg | 57 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc/hexchat-connection-complete.png | bin | 0 -> 44139 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc/hexchat-network-edit.png | bin | 0 -> 55960 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc/hexchat-network-select.png | bin | 0 -> 40520 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc/hexchat-sasl.png | bin | 0 -> 59369 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc/textual-identity.png | bin | 0 -> 45779 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pix/irc/textual-network-edit.png | bin | 0 -> 49037 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | pleroma.html | 169 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | rss.xml | 1000 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | server.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | sshkeys.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | standalone.html | 32 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | style.css | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | template.html | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tor.html | 20 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | ufw.html | 193 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | xmpp.html | 2 |
43 files changed, 2551 insertions, 61 deletions
diff --git a/.footer.html b/.footer.html index 902f4eb..2edcf80 100644 --- a/.footer.html +++ b/.footer.html @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br> Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br> -<li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li> -<li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li> -<li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li> -<li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li> -<li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a> +<a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a> +<a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a> +<a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a> +<a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a> +<a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a> @@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ will feature all new pages and significant changes. </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -117,6 +117,6 @@ <strong>Contributor</strong> - <a href="https://tomfasano.xyz" target="_blank">tomfasano.xyz</a> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -87,6 +87,6 @@ Tip buttons will appear on many other social media sites, for example Github commits, projects and comments by users. </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/bitcoin.html b/bitcoin.html index ec41f23..5da6b50 100644 --- a/bitcoin.html +++ b/bitcoin.html @@ -97,6 +97,6 @@ Bitcoin users will know how to scan and use them. </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/certbot.html b/certbot.html index cabf6cd..eaa3f4d 100644 --- a/certbot.html +++ b/certbot.html @@ -131,6 +131,6 @@ ufw allow 443</code></pre> <span class=next><a href="html.html">Next: Use HTML to Make Simple Webpages</a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -169,6 +169,6 @@ </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/crypto.html b/crypto.html index f7b150c..b3c314f 100644 --- a/crypto.html +++ b/crypto.html @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ <p> To accept donations costs you absolutely nothing. - It costs you nothing to hold this donations for years before you bother to figure out how it works. + It costs you nothing to hold these donations for years before you bother to figure out how it works. You don't have to do anything now but create a wallet and put a public address up. </p> @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ </p> <p> - Cryptocurrency is the first every technology that secures digital scarcity and allows people to transact with one another digitally without any intermediary. + Cryptocurrency is the first ever technology that secures digital scarcity and allows people to transact with one another digitally without any intermediary. </p> <p> @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ It is clunky, old, sometimes expensive to transact with for small amounts, but it is consistent and is coming to function as "digital gold": a way of storing value over years. As the Bitcoin network comes to be used by more and more people, companies, countries and others to store value, it also increases the price, which obviously has made many people very rich. - Bitcoin will surge and crash in cycles, but the long-term trend is unambiguously up and more people store value on the network. + Bitcoin will surge and crash in cycles, but the long-term trend is unambiguously up as more people store value on the network. </p> <p> @@ -82,5 +82,5 @@ </ul> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> @@ -115,13 +115,13 @@ <img src="pix/dns-ping.png" alt="Pinging landchad.net"> <p> - As you can see, our ping to <code>landchad.net</code> is now being directed to <code>104.238.126.105</code>. + As you can see, our ping to <code>landchad.net</code> is now being directed to <code>104.238.128.105</code>. That means we have successfully set up our DNS records! You can also run the command <code>host</code> if you have it, which will list both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses for a domain name. </p> <span class=next><a href="nginx.html">Next: Setting up the Webserver</a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/domain.html b/domain.html index 3e60c68..8d60310 100644 --- a/domain.html +++ b/domain.html @@ -137,9 +137,7 @@ Don't think for a minute that this doesn't apply to you. </p> - - <!--TAGLIST--> </main> - <!-- <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> --> + <!-- <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> --> </body> </html> diff --git a/federation.html b/federation.html index 65a742f..e60614a 100644 --- a/federation.html +++ b/federation.html @@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ This is also used by other software like <a href="https://joinpeertube.org/">PeerTube</a> (which is a self-hosted YouTube-equivalent), <a href="https://friendi.ca/">Friendica</a> (Facebook equivalent) </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/gemini.html b/gemini.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4963f2a --- /dev/null +++ b/gemini.html @@ -0,0 +1,103 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang=en> + <head> + <title>How to set up your own gemini server</title> + <meta charset="utf-8"/> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' title='Land Chad RSS' href='/rss.xml'> + </head> +<body> + <header><h1> Creating and serving gemini capsules </h1></header> + <nav></nav> + <main> + <h2 id="whatis">What is Gemini?</h2> + <p><a href="https://gemini.circumlunar.space" target="_blank">Gemini</a> is a new internet protocol which is different from the HTTP and Gopher. It's much cleaner and has a growing community and audience of hackers.</p> + <h3>Why use gemini protocol?</h3> + <ul> + <li>Gemini capsules (webpages of gemini) are lightweight, minimal, and don't use many resources to operate.</li> + <li>It can run along with your websites. Gemini capsules use port 1965 by default. Your webserver can run at port 80 or 443 along with gemini server at port 1965. </li> + <li>By exploring an alternative protocol, you can check different ways to serve data and blogs.</li> + </ul> + <p>To access any gemini urls i.e. <code>gemini://example.org</code>, you can use any gemini client such as <a href="https://github.com/makeworld-the-better-one/amfora" target="_blank">amfora</a>, <a href="https://gmi.skyjake.fi/lagrange" target="_blank">lagrange</a>, <a href="https://thelambdalab.xyz/elpher/" target="_blank">elpher</a>, etc. + <h2 id="instructions">Instructions</h2> + <h3>Create a gemini user</h3> + <p> + It is most secure and clean to have a separate <code>gemini</code> user, so let's create one: + </p> + <pre><code>useradd -m -s /bin/bash gemini</code></pre> + <p>Now log in as <code>gemini</code> with the following command:</p> + <pre><code>su -l gemini</code></pre> + <p>To create and serve a gemini capsule, we need three basic steps:</p> + <ol> + <li>Content – the webpages in our capsule</li> + <li>TLS certificate – Gemini requires encrypted connection.</li> + <li>Gemini server – the program that makes our capsule available (similar to Nginx for HTTP)</li> + </ol> + <p>As the gemini user, we can create three different directories to simplify the process:</p> + <pre><code>mkdir -p ~/gemini/{content,certificate,server}</code></pre> + <h3>Content</h3> + <p>This will be the directory where you capsule files will be contained. Gemini uses text/gemini markup (in place of HTTP's equivalent HTML). It heavily borrows from Markdown. Similar to .html or .md, gemini uses .gmi as its extension.</p> + <p>To create one gemini file, go inside the <code>content</code> directory and create one <code>index.gmi</code> file.</p> + <pre><code>nano gemini/content/index.gmi</code></pre> + <p>We can add the content we want in our Gemini capsule here:</p> + <pre><code># This is Sample Gemini page +## With header 1 and header 2 +And a short paragraph like this. +=> /index.gmi Link to the same page</code></pre> + <h3>TLS certificate</h3> + <p>Go to the <code>certificate</code> directory which we created earlier and generate a TLS certificate using OpenSSL.</p> + <pre><code>cd ~/gemini/certificate/ +openssl req -new -subj "/CN=<strong>example.org</strong>" -x509 -newkey ec -pkeyopt ec_paramgen_curve:prime256v1 -days 3650 -nodes -out cert.pem -keyout key.pem</code></pre> + <h3>Gemini server</h3> + <h4>Download and prepare the server</h4> + <p>There are <a href="https://gemini.circumlunar.space/software">many gemini server software choices available</a>. + We will use <code>agate</code> server for now. This is a simple gemini server written in Rust.</p> + <p>It's a good idea to always get the most recent version, which you can see <a href="https://github.com/mbrubeck/agate/releases">on the agate releases page</a>. At the time of this writing, that is agate v3.1.0 which we will now download. We will download it to the <code>server</code> directory we made.</p> + <pre><code>cd ~/gemini/server +wget https://github.com/mbrubeck/agate/releases/download/v3.1.0/agate.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.gz</code></pre> + <p>Unzip the gz, then rename and make it executable:</p> + <pre><code>gunzip agate.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.gz +mv agate.x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu agate-server +chmod +x agate-server</code></pre> + <h4>Create a system service</h4> + <p>Now we need to create a systemd service to autostart and manage agate. + The gemini user does not have permission to do this, so press <code>ctrl-d</code> to log out of the gemini user and return to root. + As root, create the file below by opening it in your text editor (nano, vim, etc.):</p> + <pre><code>nano /etc/systemd/system/agate.service</code></pre> + <p>Add the following content to the file <strong>customizing highlighted text</strong> to your use.</p> + <pre><code>[Unit] +Description=agate +After=network.target + +[Service] +User=gemini +Type=simple +ExecStart=/home/gemini/gemini/server/agate-server --content /home/gemini/gemini/content --certs /home/gemini/gemini/certificate/ --hostname <strong>example.org</strong> --lang <strong>en-US</strong> + +[Install] +WantedBy=default.target</code></pre> + <p>Now we are ready to run server. Enable and run agate server.</p> + <pre><code>systemctl enable agate +systemctl start agate</code></pre> + <h4>Firewall</h4> + <p>Lastly, if you have a firewall running, remember to open port 1965, which is the port number used by gemini:</p> + <pre><code>ufw allow 1965</code></pre> + <h2>Finalization</h2> + <p>Now your server should be running. If everything went okay, you can access your gemini capsule via any gemini client with a url like this:</p> + <pre><code>gemini://<strong>example.org</strong></code></pre> + <p>Sample gemini site for reference:</p> + <pre><code>gemini://gemini.circumlunar.space</code></pre> + <p>Enjoy your first gemini capsule.</p> + <p> + For information about how to write in "gemtext" the markup language in Gemini, see this site: <a href="https://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi">https://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi</a>. + As you might guess it also has an analogous gemini capsule here: gemini://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi + </p> + <hr> + <p><em>Written by <a href="https://nihar.page">nihar.page</a></em></p> + + </main> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> +</body> +</html> @@ -185,6 +185,6 @@ mkdir git</code></pre> href="https://m-chrzan.xyz">website</a>, <a href="https://m-chrzan.xyz/crypto.html">donate</a></li> </ul> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/gitea.html b/gitea.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2b49cd5 --- /dev/null +++ b/gitea.html @@ -0,0 +1,109 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang=en> + <head> + <title>Setting up Gitea – LandChad.net</title> + <meta charset="utf-8"/> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' title='Land Chad RSS' href='/rss.xml'> + </head> +<body> + <header><h1>Setting up Gitea</h1></header> + <nav></nav> + <main> + <img class=titleimg src="pix/gitea.svg"> + <p>Gitea allows you to self-host your git repositories similar to <a href="git.html">bare repositories</a>, but comes with additional features that you might know from GitHub, such as issues, pull requests or multiple users. Its advantage over GitLab—another Free Software GitHub clone—is that it is much more lightweight and easier to setup.</p> + <p>Head over to <a href="https://gitea.com">gitea.com</a> to see what it looks like in practice.</p> + <p>Although Gitea is lighter than Gitlab, if you have a VPS with only 512MB of RAM, you will probably have to upgrade. Gitea is more memory-intensive than having just a bare git repository.</p> + + <h2>Installing Gitea</h2> + <p>First install a few dependencies:</p> + <pre><code>apt install curl sqlite3</code></pre> + <p>Unfortunately, Gitea itself is not in the official Debian repos, so we will add a third-party repository for it.</p> + <p>Add the repo's gpg key to apt's trusted keys:</p> + + <pre><code>curl -sL -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/morph027-gitea.asc https://packaging.gitlab.io/gitea/gpg.key</code></pre> + + <p>Then add the actual repository to apt:</p> + + <pre><code>echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packaging.gitlab.io/gitea gitea main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/morph027-gitea.list</code></pre> + + <p>Now we can install Gitea:<p> + + <pre><code>apt update +apt install gitea</code></pre> + + <p>Since apt automatically enables and starts the Gitea service, it should already be running on port <code>3000</code> on your server!</p> + + <h2>Setting up a Nginx reverse proxy</h2> + <p>You should know how to generate SSL certificates and use Nginx by now. Add this to your Nginx config to proxy requests made to your git subdomain to Gitea running on port 3000:</p> + + <pre><code> +server { + listen 443 ssl; + listen [::]:443 ssl; + ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/<strong>git.example.org</strong>.crt; + ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/<strong>git.example.org</strong>.key; + server_name <strong>git.example.org</strong>; + location / { + proxy_pass http://localhost:3000/; # The / is important! + proxy_redirect off; + proxy_set_header Host $host; + proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; + } +} + </pre></code> + <p>And reload Nginx:</p> + <pre><code>systemctl reload nginx</code></pre> + + <h2>Setting up Gitea</h2> + + <p>If everything worked fine you should now see a setup screen when you go to your configured domain in the browser. The options should be pretty self-explanatory, it is only important to select SQLite3 and to replace the base url and SSH server domain with your own.</p> + + <dl> + <dt>Database Type:</dt> + <dd>SQLite3</dd> + <dt>SSH Server Domain:</dt> + <dd><strong>git.example.org</strong></dd> + <dt>Gitea Base URL:</dt> + <dd><strong>git.example.org</strong></dd> + </dl> + + <p>These and other settings can be changed in a configuration file later so don't worry about making wrong decisions right now.</p> + + <p>After clicking the install button you should now be able to log into your Gitea instance with the account you just created! Explore the settings for more things to do, such as setting up your SSH keys.</p> + + <p>If Gitea does not load fully and has random errors, it is possible that you need to increase your available memory on your VPS. This can usually be done on your VPS-provider's website without too much trouble.</p> + + <h2>A few extras</h2> + <h3>Automatically create a new repo on push</h3> + <p>This is an incredicly useful feature for me. Open up <code>/etc/gitea/app.ini</code> and add <code>DEFAULT_PUSH_CREATE_PRIVATE = true</code> to the <code>repository</code> section like so:</p> + <img src=pix/gitea-push-create.png> + <br> + <p>If you now add a remote to a repository like this</p> + <pre><code>git remote add origin 'ssh://gitea@git.<strong>example.org</strong>/<strong>username</strong>/<strong>coolproject</strong>.git'</code></pre> + <p>and push, Gitea will automatically create a private <code>coolproject</code> repository in your account!</p> + + <h3>Change tab-width</h3> + <p>By default Gitea displays tabs 8 spaces wide, however I prefer 4 spaces. We can change this!</p> + <pre><code>mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea/custom/templates/custom/</code></pre> + <p>And write this into <code>/var/lib/gitea/custom/templates/custom/header.tmpl</code>:</p> + <pre><code><style> +.tab-size-8 { + tab-size: 4 !important; + -moz-tab-size: 4 !important; +} +</style></code></pre> + + + <h2>Contribution</h2> + <ul> + <li><a href="https://phire.cc">phire</a></li> + </ul> + </main> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> +</body> +</html> @@ -195,6 +195,6 @@ We can make bold, italic, underlined or struck through text with more HTML tags: <span class=next><a href="html2.html">Next: Images and Links in HTML</a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ <<++>> <span class=next><a href="<++>">Next:<++></a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -94,6 +94,6 @@ <span class=next><a href="css.html">Next: Styling with CSS</a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -52,12 +52,18 @@ <li><a href="cron.html">Schedule tasks with Crontabs/Cronjobs.</a></li> <li><a href="tor.html">Mirror your site on <img src="pix/tor.svg">Tor.</a></li> <li><a href="auth.html">Password-protecting Webpages (HTTP Authentication)</a></li> + <li><a href="ufw.html">Using ufw as a firewall.</a></li> + <li><a href="gemini.html">Create a Gemini Capsule.</a></li> + <li><a href="standalone.html">Standalone Certbot Certificates</a></li> </ul> <h3 id=platform>"Build your own platform!"</h3> <ul class=ll> <li><a href="git.html">Host your own <img src="pix/git.svg"><code>git</code> repositories</a></li> + <li><a href="pleroma.html">Pleroma, a federated Twitter-like Microblogging Site</a></li> <li><a href="nextcloud.html">Setting up a <img src="pix/nextcloud.svg">Nextcloud Instance (file hosting and more)</a></li> + <li><a href="gitea.html">Setting up <img src="pix/gitea.svg">Gitea</a></li> + <li><a href="irc.html">Creating your own chat server with <img src="pix/irc.svg">IRC</a></li> </ul> <h3 id=crypto>Accepting Cryptocurrency Tips</h3> @@ -100,14 +106,11 @@ </p> <ul> - <li>IRC servers</li> <li>Email webclients</li> <li>Simple static site generators</li> <li>Calibre (library server)</li> <li>Nitter</li> - <li>Pleroma (like Twitter)</li> <li>PeerTube (like YouTube)</li> - <li>Using ufw as a firewall.</li> <li>XMPP ejabberd</li> <li>Movim for XMPP</li> </ul> @@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ </p> <ul class=ll> - <li>When settings up a website, use our linked affiliate links, like <a href="https://www.vultr.com/?ref=8384069-6G">to Vultr</a>.</li> + <li>When setting up a website, use our linked affiliate links, like <a href="https://www.vultr.com/?ref=8384069-6G">to Vultr</a>.</li> <li>If you enjoy a guest article, the author's donation links may be included at the bottom of the page.</li> <li>Donate crypto to the long-term LandChad maintenance and expansion fund:</li> </ul> @@ -146,6 +149,6 @@ <!--TAGLIST--> </main> - <!-- <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> --> + <!-- <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> --> </body> </html> diff --git a/irc.html b/irc.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..45c2bca --- /dev/null +++ b/irc.html @@ -0,0 +1,801 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang=en> + <head> + <title>Creating Your Own Chat Server With IRC – LandChad.net</title> + <meta charset="utf-8"/> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' title='Land Chad RSS' href='/rss.xml'> + </head> +<body> + <header><h1>Creating Your Own Chat Server With IRC</h1></header> + <nav></nav> + <main> + <img class=titleimg src="pix/irc.svg"> + <p> + Creating your own chat server for you and your friends is easy, and you don't have to rely on a complicated system to get started. + IRC is an old but gold protocol, and has clients for basically every operating system made since the 80s, with many powerful modern ones on Linux, Mac, and Windows. + </p> + + <p> + Having a chat server for you and your friends makes it impossible for a group of arbitrarily appointed moderators to deplatform you for wrong-think, and gives you greater freedom of communication. + </p> + + <h2 id="installing">Installing an IRCd</h2> + + <p> + An IRCd is short for "IRC daemon", which just means an IRC server. + The most easy IRCd to setup is <a href="https://ergo.chat/">Ergo</a>. + </p> + + <p> + The first thing you need to do is create a new user for the server to be run by. + This is good practice for installing software/servers manually, as it give you more fine-grained control over which permissions the application has. + </p> + +<pre><code>useradd -m ergo -s /bin/bash</code></pre> + + <p> + Next, we want to switch to our newly created <code>ergo</code> user and create the server directory. + </p> + +<pre><code>sudo -i -u ergo +mkdir server</code></pre> + + <p> + You can find the latest release of Ergo on its GitHub <a href="https://github.com/ergochat/ergo/releases/latest">latest release</a> page.<br> + There are several platforms available, but you want to choose Linux, most likely <code>linux-x86_64</code>.<br> + Once you have selected the correct package, copy its URL and replace <code><i><release url></i></code> with the package URL (still as the <code>ergo</code> user): + </p> + +<pre><code>wget https://github.com/ergochat/ergo/releases/download/v2.7.0/ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz +tar -xf ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz +mv ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64/* +rm -r ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64*</code></pre> + + <p>Executing <code>ls -l</code> should now yield something like this:</p> + +<pre><code>-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 118825 Jun 8 00:51 CHANGELOG.md +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 1983 May 31 01:48 README +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 41440 Jun 8 00:42 default.yaml +drwxr-xr-x 2 ergo ergo 4096 Jul 1 09:01 docs +-rwxr-xr-x 1 ergo ergo 9654272 Jun 8 00:53 ergo +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 1753 May 31 01:48 ergo.motd +drwxr-xr-x 2 ergo ergo 12288 Jul 1 09:01 languages +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 39722 Jun 8 00:42 traditional.yaml</code></pre> + + <p>If you see something similar to the above, that means Ergo is installed, although not quite ready to run yet.</p> + + <h2 id="configuring">Configuring Ergo</h2> + + <p> + Now that Ergo is installed, you want to configure it to fit the needs of your group.<br> + The configuration in this section is tailored towards a small group of people, and less for a possibly large network, + but it should work for any size of group. + </p> + + <p> + First thing, make sure you're still using the <code>ergo</code> user, and are in the <code>~/server</code> directory.<br> + If you aren't, you can run the following to get back there: + </p> + +<pre><code>sudo -i -u ergo +cd ~/server</code></pre> + + <p> + Next, generate certificate files for TLS: + </p> + + <pre><code>./ergo mkcerts</code></pre> + + <p> + Ergo comes with a default configuration file with detailed documentation that can be used to guide you through the configuration process. + This guide will help you setup the server for a typical use-case, but if you see any settings that you would like to change along the way, + go ahead and change them, as long as you know what you're doing. + </p> + + <p>To start configuring, we need to copy some files:</p> + +<pre><code>cp default.yaml ircd.yaml +cp ergo.motd ircd.motd</code></pre> + + <p> + The next steps involve editing the newly copied <code>ircd.yaml</code> file. If you do not know how to edit text files from the comment line, + you can use <code>nano</code>, which is very simple, using arrow keys to navigate, <code>CTRL+O</code> to save, and <code>CTRL+X</code> to exit.<br> + Another option is <code>vim</code>, which is a much more powerful text editor, but has a learning curve. It is only recommended for this guide if you already know it.<br> + Lastly, you can copy the <code>ircd.yaml</code> file to a text editor on your computer and edit it with a GUI text editor of your choice. + If that is what you choose to do, you may want to just download the file from <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ergochat/ergo/master/default.yaml">Ergo's GitHub</a>, + edit it on your computer, clear the <code>ircd.yaml</code> file on the server, and then paste the contents from your computer into the blank file.<br> + No matter how you do it, the next steps assume you can edit the configuration file. + </p> + + <p> + <b>Note</b>:<br> + The options highlighted in this section are not a complete overview of all options. + Instead, the options shown are the ones which are most relevant to a small network.<br> + You should read over the configuration file yourself if you are curious about everything you can change. + </p> + + <h3 id="configuring-names">Network and server names</h3> + <p> + One of the first properties in the config file is network name. + You can change this to whatever you like, as it will show up as the name when you connect to the server. + </p> + +<pre><code># network configuration +network: + # name of the network + name: "Land-Chat"</code></pre> + + <p>Change the server name to your server's domain name.</p> + +<pre><code># server configuration +server: + # server name + name: "example.org"</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-password">Network password</h3> + <p> + The next step is optional, depending on if you want your network password protected or not. + The benefit of password protection is fairly obvious; nobody can connect to your network unless you gave them the password. + If you're wanting to run a public network which anyone can join and create a channel, you want to skip this, but for personal setups, + it is highly recommended. + </p> + + <p>Generate a password to use by executing the following:</p> + + <pre><code>./ergo genpasswd</code></pre> + + <p> + It will ask you to enter a password and confirm it, then you will be given a hashed password.<br> + Copy this password, and paste it into the following field (also removing the <code>#</code> before the <code>password:</code> line): + </p> + +<pre><code># password to login to the server, generated using `ergo genpasswd`: +password: "<i><your hashed password></i>"</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-motd">Message of the day (MotD)</h3> + <p>Change the MotD (<b>M</b>essage <b>o</b>f <b>t</b>he <b>D</b>ay) file to the one you copied earlier:</p> + +<pre><code># motd filename +# if you change the motd, you should move it to ircd.motd +motd: ircd.motd</code></pre> + + <p>Feel free to edit <code>ircd.motd</code> to your heart's content. Its contents will be sent to clients when they connect to the network.</p> + + <h3 id="configuring-ip-limits">IP limits</h3> + <p> + For security purposes, you might want to limit the amount of client connections per IP. + For a private network, 4 is likely the maximum amount of connections you will have per IP, so that is a safe value.<br> + If your network is password protected, this is less of an issue, since the only people connecting will be people who have the password. + The following is the default, but you can change it to be whichever value you like: + </p> + +<pre><code># IP-based DoS protection +ip-limits: + # whether to limit the total number of concurrent connections per IP/CIDR + count: true + # maximum concurrent connections per IP/CIDR + max-concurrent-connections: 16</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-ip-cloaking">IP cloaking</h3> + <p> + Traditionally, IRC networks expose users' IP addresses to everyone. This is not a good practice for privacy, however. + With Ergo, IP cloaking is enable by default. You can enable or disable it if you like, and change how it looks to users.<br> + In this case, <code>netname</code> was changed to <code>"chad"</code>. + </p> + +<pre><code># IP cloaking hides users' IP addresses from other users and from channel admins +# (but not from server admins), while still allowing channel admins to ban +# offending IP addresses or networks. In place of hostnames derived from reverse +# DNS, users see fake domain names like pwbs2ui4377257x8.irc. These names are +# generated deterministically from the underlying IP address, but if the underlying +# IP is not already known, it is infeasible to recover it from the cloaked name. +# If you disable this, you should probably enable lookup-hostnames in its place. +ip-cloaking: + # whether to enable IP cloaking + enabled: true + + # whether to use these cloak settings (specifically, `netname` and `num-bits`) + # to produce unique hostnames for always-on clients. you can enable this even if + # you disabled IP cloaking for normal clients above. if this is disabled, + # always-on clients will all have an identical hostname (the server name). + enabled-for-always-on: true + + # fake TLD at the end of the hostname, e.g., pwbs2ui4377257x8.irc + # you may want to use your network name here + netname: "chad"</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-hexchat-password">Password enforcement adjustments for HexChat (and possibly other clients)</h3> + <p> + Ergo offers account registration to allow users to do things like use history and bouncer features, register channels, etc.<br> + In clients such as HexChat, server password may conflict with account passwords, so the following setting should be enable if you wish to use accounts with clients such as HexChat.<br> + Note that this could under some circumstances be considered a security hazard, as a user with an account does not need to know the server password to connect, + although that user would have needed to register an account before the server had a password, and then a password would need to have been set after the fact, so this can be considered a very small concern if your setup always has had a password.<br> + Also keep in mind that this setting has no effect if your network does not even have a password at all. + </p> + +<pre><code># some clients (notably Pidgin and Hexchat) offer only a single password field, +# which makes it impossible to specify a separate server password (for the PASS +# command) and SASL password. if this option is set to true, a client that +# successfully authenticates with SASL will not be required to send +# PASS as well, so it can be configured to authenticate with SASL only. +skip-server-password: true</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-multiclient">Multiclient, always-on clients, history, etc</h3> + <p> + Traditionally, IRC servers have no message history, and once you close your client, you cannot receive messages, and are not shown to be online at all. + Ergo includes functionality to allow users to both receive history, and keep their clients "online" even after they have left. + It also allows multiple clients to connect to the same account.<br> + If you are running a private network for friends, you should set <code>always-on</code> and <code>auto-away</code> to <code>opt-out</code>, + to have all users with accounts to appear as if they are online at all times, and be able to receive messages when they are offline.<br> + For a public network, keep everything as their default values, since you probably do not want randoms having this by default.<br> + If for some reason you do not want any of these features at all, you can set <code>enabled</code> to <code>false</code>, but this is not recommended. + Below are the recommended values for a private network (e.g. for friends) where users with accounts will be able to receive messages and history while they are offline. + </p> + +<pre><code># multiclient controls whether Ergo allows multiple connections to +# attach to the same client/nickname identity; this is part of the +# functionality traditionally provided by a bouncer like ZNC +multiclient: + # when disabled, each connection must use a separate nickname (as is the + # typical behavior of IRC servers). when enabled, a new connection that + # has authenticated with SASL can associate itself with an existing + # client + enabled: true + + # if this is disabled, clients have to opt in to bouncer functionality + # using nickserv or the cap system. if it's enabled, they can opt out + # via nickserv + allowed-by-default: true + + # whether to allow clients that remain on the server even + # when they have no active connections. The possible values are: + # "disabled", "opt-in", "opt-out", or "mandatory". + always-on: "opt-out" + + # whether to mark always-on clients away when they have no active connections: + auto-away: "opt-out" + + # QUIT always-on clients from the server if they go this long without connecting + # (use 0 or omit for no expiration): + #always-on-expiration: 90d</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-vhosts">VHosts</h3> + <p> + IP cloaking was mentioned previously, and somewhat related to that, Ergo includes "vhost" functionality, which allows users to set a custom IP/host string. + This is mostly for cosmetic value, and does not interfere with operators being able to see actual IP addresses for banning, but if you do not want it enable for some reason, you can disable it. + </p> + +<pre><code># vhosts controls the assignment of vhosts (strings displayed in place of the user's +# hostname/IP) by the HostServ service +vhosts: + # are vhosts enabled at all? + enabled: true</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-channels">Channels</h3> + <p> + Channels are where everyone on an IRC network talk. By default, anyone can create a channel, and anyone with an account can register one. + The difference between a normal channel and a registered one is that the registered one will preserve the operator status of the person who created, + whereas a normal channel's owner will lose operator status if they leave the channel or disconnect from the network.<br> + There are various settings for channels available, but the defaults are suitable for a private network with trust among users, or where you just want anyone to have the ability to create a channel. + Below are the default values: + </p> + +<pre><code># channel options +channels: + # modes that are set when new channels are created + # +n is no-external-messages and +t is op-only-topic + # see /QUOTE HELP cmodes for more channel modes + default-modes: +nt + + # how many channels can a client be in at once? + max-channels-per-client: 100 + + # if this is true, new channels can only be created by operators with the + # `chanreg` operator capability + operator-only-creation: false + + # channel registration - requires an account + registration: + # can users register new channels? + enabled: true + + # restrict new channel registrations to operators only? + # (operators can then transfer channels to regular users using /CS TRANSFER) + operator-only: false + + # how many channels can each account register? + max-channels-per-account: 15</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-operators">Operators (administrators, etc)</h3> + <p> + The IRC term for an administrator or another privileged user is "operator", or "oper" for short.<br> + Ergo's opers have different permissions that can be granted to them, and are defined in "classes", basically groups of permissions under a name. + For example, "chat-moderator" and "server-admin" are defined in the default configuration: + </p> + +<pre><code># operator classes +oper-classes: + # chat moderator: can ban/unban users from the server, join channels, + # fix mode issues and sort out vhosts. + "chat-moderator": + # title shown in WHOIS + title: Chat Moderator + + # capability names + capabilities: + - "kill" + - "ban" + - "nofakelag" + - "roleplay" + - "relaymsg" + - "vhosts" + - "sajoin" + - "samode" + - "snomasks" + + # server admin: has full control of the ircd, including nickname and + # channel registrations + "server-admin": + # title shown in WHOIS + title: Server Admin + + # oper class this extends from + extends: "chat-moderator" + + # capability names + capabilities: + - "rehash" + - "accreg" + - "chanreg" + - "history" + - "defcon" + - "massmessage"</code></pre> + + <p> + The above can be kept with their default values, but you are free to modify them or create any new classes that are appropriate for your setup.<br> + Next, let's actually create an operator account: + </p> + +<pre><code># ircd operators +opers: + # default operator named 'gigachad'; log in with /OPER gigachad <password> + "gigachad": + # which capabilities this oper has access to + class: "server-admin" + + # custom whois line + whois-line: is the server administrator + + # custom hostname + vhost: "gigachad" + + # normally, operator status is visible to unprivileged users in WHO and WHOIS + # responses. this can be disabled with 'hidden'. ('hidden' also causes the + # 'vhost' line above to be ignored.) + hidden: false + + # modes are modes to auto-set upon opering-up. uncomment this to automatically + # enable snomasks ("server notification masks" that alert you to server events; + # see `/quote help snomasks` while opered-up for more information): + #modes: +is acjknoqtuxv + + # operators can be authenticated either by password (with the /OPER command), + # or by certificate fingerprint, or both. if a password hash is set, then a + # password is required to oper up (e.g., /OPER dan mypassword). to generate + # the hash, use `ergo genpasswd`. + password: "<i><your oper password></i>"</code></pre> + + <p> + This is a modified version of the default oper entry. The account name is "gigachad", but you can change it to anything.<br> + Replace <code><i><your oper password></i></code> with a password generated by <code>./ergo genpasswd</code>, and you will have a new oper account to use.<br> + Note that to log into an oper account, clients have to enter <code>/OPER <i><oper name></i> <i><oper password></i></code> each time they log in. + This can be automated by most clients by setting the command to be executed when the client logs in. + In the case of HexChat, you can edit your network and add the command to the <code>Connect commands</code> tab of the menu.<br> + You can copy everything from <code>"gigachad"</code> to the end of the line, paste it again, and change the name to create another oper account. + Another, less privileged example of an oper is shown as a comment below the above configuration snippet. + </p> + + <h3 id="configuring-history">Chat history</h3> + <p> + Traditionally, IRC networks do not store, relay, or handle chat history in any way.<br> + On a privacy standpoint, this is a good thing, since chats are entirely ephemeral and handled by clients.<br> + On a practicality standpoint, this is a bad thing, since people have to keep a client connected 24/7 to see message history.<br> + For normalfriends, this can be a big problem, not only because having to stay online 24/7 is just annoying or infeasible, + but also because they are likely used to chat platforms that handle history for them.<br> + With this in mind, enabling history is a good idea if you want to move friends over to IRC, and will make things a lot more pleasant for private networks. + </p> + + <p> + Ergo's <code>history</code> configuration group is very long, so it is encouraged to read over it yourself. + This section will go over the most important pieces of that configuration group. + </p> + + <p> + History is not endless (unless you want it to be), and the amount that can be stored for channels is configurable: + </p> + +<pre><code># how many channel-specific events (messages, joins, parts) should be tracked per channel? +channel-length: 2048</code></pre> + + <p> + History is already enabled by default, but that just means it is being collected, not relayed by default. + To relay history to clients when they connect, change the following to the amount of messages that you think is appropriate: + </p> + +<pre><code># number of messages to automatically play back on channel join (0 to disable): +autoreplay-on-join: 250</code></pre> + + <p> + History older than a certain time can be configured to be deleted or be inaccessible. + The default cutoff time is 1 week, but this is configurable as well. + </p> + +<pre><code> +# options to delete old messages, or prevent them from being retrieved +restrictions: + # if this is set, messages older than this cannot be retrieved by anyone + # (and will eventually be deleted from persistent storage, if that's enabled) + expire-time: 1w +</code></pre> + + <p> + By default, Ergo only stores chat history in memory, so when the server restarts, all history is lost. + If you wish to have chat history persist beyond restarts, you must store it in a MySQL database: + </p> + +<pre><code># options to store history messages in a persistent database (currently only MySQL). +# in order to enable any of this functionality, you must configure a MySQL server +# in the `datastore.mysql` section. +persistent: + enabled: true + + # store unregistered channel messages in the persistent database? + unregistered-channels: true</code></pre> + +<br> + +<pre><code># connection information for MySQL (currently only used for persistent history): +mysql: + enabled: false + host: "localhost" + port: 3306 + # if socket-path is set, it will be used instead of host:port + #socket-path: "/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" + user: "ergo" + password: "hunter2" + history-database: "ergo_history" + timeout: 3s + max-conns: 4 + # this may be necessary to prevent middleware from closing your connections: + #conn-max-lifetime: 180s</code></pre> + + <p> + For privacy reasons, you may want to allow users to delete their own messages in history, or export their messages to JSON: + </p> + +<pre><code># options to control how messages are stored and deleted: +retention: + # allow users to delete their own messages from history? + allow-individual-delete: true + + # if persistent history is enabled, create additional index tables, + # allowing deletion of JSON export of an account's messages. this + # may be needed for compliance with data privacy regulations. + enable-account-indexing: true</code></pre> + + <h3 id="configuring-spam">Spam reduction</h3> + <p> + Most IRC networks have measures in place to reduce chat spam. By default, "fakelag" is enabled in Ergo, and that can deal with most aggregious chat spam.<br> + If you are running a private network where user trust is high, you can disable it so that there are no limits on the speed that messages can be sent. + </p> + +<pre><code># fakelag: prevents clients from spamming commands too rapidly +fakelag: + # whether to enforce fakelag + enabled: true + + # time unit for counting command rates + window: 1s + + # clients can send this many commands without fakelag being imposed + burst-limit: 5 + + # once clients have exceeded their burst allowance, they can send only + # this many commands per `window`: + messages-per-window: 2 + + # client status resets to the default state if they go this long without + # sending any commands: + cooldown: 2s</code></pre> + + <h2 id="using">Starting and using your server</h3> + <p> + Now that Ergo is both installed and configured, you can actually start using it! + </p> + + <h3 id="using-starting">Starting the server</h3> + <p> + First thing, make sure you're still using the <code>ergo</code> user, and are in the <code>~/server</code> directory.<br> + If you aren't, you can run the following to get back there: + </p> + +<pre><code>sudo -i -u ergo +cd server</code></pre> + + <p> + Starting the server is done in one command: + </p> + + <pre><code>./ergo run</code></pre> + + <p> + It will stay online until you close the terminal, or press CTRL+C. Don't worry, the next section goes over how to make it run like a normal server with a SystemD service.<br> + If you have not already, make sure the port <code>6697</code> is not blocked on your server. If you are using UFW as your firewall, + you need to run <code>ufw enable 6697</code> (not as the <code>ergo</code> user, of course).<br> + If you make and configuration changes while the server is running, you can apply them without restarting by typing <code>/rehash</code> as an operator. + </p> + + <h3 id="using-connecting">Connecting to the server</h3> + <p> + To use IRC, you of course need an IRC client. There are many choices available, but the most widely used for Windows and Linux is <a href="https://hexchat.github.io/">HexChat</a>. + On Mac, you have a slightly nicer option with <a href="https://www.codeux.com/textual/">Textual</a>, although you have to <a href="https://github.com/Codeux-Software/Textual/#building-textual">compile it from source</a> if you want to use it for free.<br> + A more user-friendly and modern client choice is TheLounge, which is explained in the last section of this guide, if you want to look into it. + </p> + + <p> + Connecting with HexChat is very easy. When you start it, you will see something like this: + </p> + + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-network-select.png" alt="HexChat network select"> + + <p> + From there, you should click <code>+ Add</code> and name the server whatever you like (so you can find it on the server list).<br> + Once you have created a new server and named it, select it and click <code>Edit...</code>. + A menu will show up like the one below. Change the domain to whatever domain your server is running on, + and make sure to put in your server password if you set one. + </p> + + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-network-edit.png" alt="HexChat network edit menu"> + + <p> + Once you're done editing the network, click <code>(X) Close</code>, select your network from the network list, and click <code>Connect</code>.<br> + If all is well, you should be connected! + </p> + + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-connection-complete.png" alt="HexChat connection complete"> + + <p> + The process is very similar on Textual.<br> + Create a new network and connect to it. Note that it will ask if you want to connect even though the certificate is unsigned. + This is due to the self-signed certificates generated for the server, and is not a problem or security vulnerability, it is just a little annoying. + </p> + + <img src="pix/irc/textual-network-edit.png" alt="Textual network edit menu"> + + <h2 id="service">Surviving restarts with a SystemD service</h3> + <p> + In the beginning of the last section, Ergo was started by simply running <code>./ergo run</code>, but this is only suitable for testing. + To have a proper server setup, you need to run it as a service. This can be achieved via a SystemD service. + </p> + + <p> + Before creating your service file, make sure you are in <code>~/server</code> as the <code>ergo</code> user.<br> + Once you have done that, create a file called <code>start.sh</code> with the following content: + </p> + +<pre><code>#!/bin/bash +./ergo run</code></pre> + + <p>Save the file, then mark it as executable:</p> + + <pre><code>chmod +x start.sh</code></pre> + + <p>Now, create a file called <code>ergo.service</code> with the following content:</p> + +<pre><code>[Unit] +Description=Ergo IRC server +After=network.target +# If you are using MySQL for history storage, comment out the above line +# and uncomment these two instead (you must independently install and configure +# MySQL for your system): +# Wants=mysql.service +# After=network.target mysql.service + +[Service] +Type=simple +User=ergo +WorkingDirectory=/home/ergo/server +ExecStart=/home/ergo/server/start.sh +ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID +Restart=on-failure +LimitNOFILE=1048576 +# Uncomment this for a hidden service: +# PrivateNetwork=true + +[Install] +WantedBy=multi-user.target</code></pre> + + <p> + You now have your service file, but it is not installed yet. + To install it, switch to your normal user, and execute the following lines to install, enable, and start the SystemD service: + </p> + +<pre><code>ln -s /home/ergo/server/ergo.service /etc/systemd/system/ergo.service +systemctl enable ergo +systemctl start ergo</code></pre> + + <p>Ergo is now installed and running as a service, and will automatically start when the system boots.</p> + + <h2 id="registering">Registering accounts and channels</h2> + <p> + Account and channel registration were mentioned multiple times in this guide, and are indeed very important parts of the modern IRC ecosystem. + You can connect to most IRC networks and talk without creating an account, but you will not be able to reserve your nickname or register channels, so it is important to register an account. + </p> + + <h3 id="registering-accounts">Registering an account with NickServ</h3> + <p> + First, make sure you are connected to your IRC network. + Once you are, type <code>/nickserv help</code> to make sure NickServ (the registration system) is working propertly.<br> + If all is well, type the following, replacing <code><i><your password></i></code> with the password you want to use: + </p> + + <pre><code>/nickserv register <i><your password></i></code></pre> + + <p> + At this point, you are now registered!<br> + The final step is to configure authentication with your client. + </p> + + <p>In HexChat, all that needs to be done is changing <code>Login method</code> to <code>SASL (username + password)</code>, and entering your NickServ password that you used earlier into the password field:</p> + + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-sasl.png" alt="HexChat SASL in network edit menu"> + + <p> + In Textual, open up your network in the menu, and click <code>Identity</code> under <code>Server Properties</code>. + Enter your password in <code>Personal Password</code>, and check <code>Wait for identification before joining channels</code>. + </p> + + <img src="pix/irc/textual-identity.png" alt="Textual identity menu"> + + <p>You will now be logged into your account when you connect to your network.</p> + + <h3 id="registering-channels">Registering channels with ChanServ</h3> + <p> + Once you have an account registered, you can register channels with ChanServ.<br> + To do so, join the channel you want to register, then type the following, replacing <code><i><your channel></i></code> with the name of the channel you want to register: + </p> + + <pre><code>/chanserv register #<i><your channel></i></code></pre> + + <p> + You are now the channel owner, and are free to appoint operators, administrators, etc for it. + When you go offline, you won't lose ownership, and you cannot be removed as the owner unless you unregister the channel later. + </p> + + <h2 id="moderation">Moderation</h2> + <p> + Like any chat, there will come a point where you need to use moderation tools to keep things under control. + Many IRC setup guides do not go over moderation, so it can be stressful when operators need to actually use moderation tools.<br> + The main difference between IRC and other chat systems in terms of moderation is the difference between channel bans and network bans. + Channel ban keeps a person out of channel a channel, whereas a network ban keeps a person out of the entire network. + </p> + + <h3 id="moderation-masks">Understanding masks</h3> + <p> + Bans are applied "masks", which are formatted pieces of text that contain a user's nick (username), their realname value, and their IP address or host.<br> + This is what a mask looks like: <code>nick!~nick-dude@127.0.0.1</code>.<br> + In bans, asterisks can be used as wildcards, which is useful for banning IP address ranges, patterns of nicknames, or whatever else you can think of.<br> + A ban on the nick <code>person</code>, for example, would look like this: <code>person!*@*</code>.<br> + A ban on anyone with the IP address <code>127.0.0.1</code> would look like this: <code>*!*@127.0.0.1</code> + </p> + + <h3 id="moderation-real-ips">Discovering real IPs</h3> + <p> + Even if IP cloaking is enabled on your network, you can still obtain real IP addresses/hosts if you are an operator. + See the <b>Operators</b> part of the configuration section of this guide on how to become an operator.<br> + To find out a user's real IP, simply type <code>/whois</code> along with the user's nick, and you will see information about the user, along with their real IP address/host.<br> + <code>/whois</code> is not a command that is exclusive to operators, but it does not reveal as much information to non-operators. + </p> + + <h3 id="moderation-network-ban">Banning someone from the network</h3> + <p> + Any netword-wide moderation action requires being an operator. See the <b>Operators</b> part of the configuration section of this guide on how to become an operator.<br> + Banning someone from the network is achieved with the <code>/kline</code> command. To see more info on the command, type <code>/helpop kline</code>.<br> + </p> + + <p>To ban a nick from the network:</p> + + <pre><code>/kline andkill <i><nick></i>!*@*</code></pre> + + <p>To ban an IP address or host from the network:</p> + + <pre><code>/kline andkill *!*@<i><IP or mask></i></code></pre> + + <p>To unban a mask, you can use the <code>/unkline</code> command with the mask you want to unban.</p> + + <h3 id="moderation-channel-ban">Banning someone from a channel</h3> + <p> + Channel owners, administrators, and operators can ban people from channels. + This is not the same as banning someone from the network, since it only has an effect on one channel. + Additionally, a channel operator is not the same as a network operator. + </p> + + <p>To ban someone in a channel, type the following in that channel, replacing <code><i><mask></i></code> with the user's mask:</p> + + <pre><code>/mode +b <i><mask></i></code></pre> + + <p> + Note that this will only ban the user, not kick them immediately. + You will want to run <code>/kick</code> along with the user's nick to also kick them.<br> + To unban a user, run the command above, but replace the <code>+</code> with a <code>-</code>.<br> + You can see who is banned in a channel by typing <code>/banlist</code>. + </p> + + <h3 id="moderation-muting">Muting people in a channel</h3> + <p> + By default, anyone can speak in an IRC channel. To change this, you must be a channel owner, administrator, or operator.<br> + Channels, along with users, have modes, which modify their behavior. There is a special mode for channels called <code>m</code> (moderated) which requires users to be privileged in some way to talk.<br> + To set a channel as moderated, type the following in the channel: + </p> + + <pre><code>/mode +m</code></pre> + + <p> + Now, users must be an owner, administrator, operator, or be voiced to talk in the channel + This be reversed by typing the command above, but changing the <code>+</code> to a <code>-</code>.<br> + To voice a user, run the following, replacing <i><nick></i> with the user's nick: + </p> + + <pre><code>/mode +v <i><nick></i></code></pre> + + <p>Unvoice the user by typing the above command, but replacing the <code>+</code> with a <code>-</code>.</p> + + <h3 id="moderation-appointing">Appointing channel administrators and operators</h3> + <p> + Assuming you a channel owner, you can appoint both administrators and operators. + If you are only an operator, you may only appoint operators.<br> + The difference between administrator and operator is mainly that administrators cannot have their privileges taken away by operators, only owners. + To appoint an administrator, type the following, replacing <i><nick></i> with the user's nick: + </p> + + <pre><code>/mode +a <i><nick></i></code></pre> + + <p>To appoint an operator, type the following, replacing <i><nick></i> with the user's nick:</p> + + <pre><code>/mode +o <i><nick></i></code></pre> + + <p> + You can also use <code>/op</code> and <code>/deop</code> on most clients to appoint and remove an operator.<br> + To remove administrator or operator status, run either of the above commands, but replace the <code>+</code> with a <code>-</code>. + </p> + + <h2 id="thelounge">Bringing modern-day features to IRC with TheLounge</h3> + <p> + A large downside to IRC as a protocol is just how old it is, and the limitations that exist because of it. + Other old protocols such as HTTP were built to be content-agnostic and versitile, but IRC was built with a very specific set of features, so it has not held up so well to contemporary chat systems.<br> + A notable thing that IRC as a protocol is missing is file uploads, and other fancy features that many other chats have.<br> + With that said, these problems can be fixed by clients, although many clients are still very primitive. + </p> + + <p> + <a href="https://thelounge.chat/">TheLounge</a> is a modern self-hosted IRC web client that tries to make IRC as user-friendly as possible. + It can be the answer to many of the complaints that normalfriends may have about IRC. It runs on anything with a web browser, can be "installed" since it is a PWA (Progressive Web App), + and is optimized for both desktops and mobile devices. It keeps you logged in even when you are gone, and even supports file uploads and embeds.<br> + Effectively, it brings IRC up to the standard of most other chat systems. + </p> + + <p> + If you would like to setup an instance of TheLounge for you and your friends, you can take a look at their <a href="https://thelounge.chat/docs/install-and-upgrade">installation guide</a>.<br> + It is a self-hosted web app, so you can run it for multiple people, not just yourself. + </p> + + <hr> + + <p><i>Written by <a href="https://termer.net/">Termer</a></i></p> + </main> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> +</body> +</html> diff --git a/maintenance.html b/maintenance.html index 264fe68..d3d9cb3 100644 --- a/maintenance.html +++ b/maintenance.html @@ -120,6 +120,6 @@ nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/man <p> </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/monero.html b/monero.html index 5827c85..b44164f 100644 --- a/monero.html +++ b/monero.html @@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ Here is the address we use for this site (i.e. not the compromised wallet generated above): </p> - <p style=font-size:small>84RXmrsE7ffCe1ADprxLMHRpmyhZuWYScDR4YghE8pFRFSyLtiZFYwD6EPijVzD3aZiEpg57MfHEr1pGJNPXyJgENMnWrSh</p> + <p style="font-size:small; word-wrap: break-word; ">84RXmrsE7ffCe1ADprxLMHRpmyhZuWYScDR4YghE8pFRFSyLtiZFYwD6EPijVzD3aZiEpg57MfHEr1pGJNPXyJgENMnWrSh</p> <img style="max-height:200px" src="pix/xmr.png" alt="monero donation qr"> @@ -106,6 +106,6 @@ </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/nextcloud.html b/nextcloud.html index f0debc1..259c361 100644 --- a/nextcloud.html +++ b/nextcloud.html @@ -207,6 +207,6 @@ systemctl start mariadb</code></pre> <!--<span class=next><a href="<++>">Next:<++></a></span>--!> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ Now we can just <code>reload</code> or <code>restart</code> to make <code>nginx< <pre><code>systemctl reload nginx</code></pre> -<h2>The Firewall</h2> +<h2 id=firewall>The Firewall</h2> <p> Vultr and some other VPS automatically install and enable <code>ufw</code>, a firewall program. @@ -233,6 +233,6 @@ The next brief step is securing encrypted connections to your website. <span class=next><a href="certbot.html">Next: Enabling Encrypted Connections</a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/openalias.html b/openalias.html index 2856560..60a9953 100644 --- a/openalias.html +++ b/openalias.html @@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ </p> <ul> - <li>84RXmrsE7ffCe1ADprxLMHRpmyhZuWYScDR4YghE8pFRFSyLtiZFYwD6EPijVzD3aZiEpg57MfHEr1pGJNPXyJgENMnWrSh</li> + <li><code class=crypto>84RXmrsE7ffCe1ADprxLMHRpmyhZuWYScDR4YghE8pFRFSyLtiZFYwD6EPijVzD3aZiEpg57MfHEr1pGJNPXyJgENMnWrSh</code></p> </ul> <p> @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Note here that I have create two entries: </p> - <img src="pix/openalias-01.png" alt="openalias"> + <a href=pix/openalias-01.png><img src="pix/openalias-01.png" alt="openalias"></a> <p> One entry's "Host" is left empty, this will allow people to send Monero by merely typing <code>landchad.net</code>. @@ -83,13 +83,13 @@ Let's check to see if it works. In the Monero wallet, we can now type in <code>landchad.net</code> as a recipient: </p> - <img src="pix/openalias-02.png" alt="checking"> + <a href=pix/openalias-02.png><img src="pix/openalias-02.png" alt="checking"></a> <p> And once we press the "Resolve" button, it automatically turns into that address we gave to the DNS! </p> - <img src="pix/openalias-03.png" alt="It works!"> + <a href=pix/openalias-03.png><img src="pix/openalias-03.png" alt="It works!"></a> <p> Now people can donate Monero to you without having to worry about QR codes or copying-and-pasting super-long public addresses! @@ -106,18 +106,18 @@ <p>Add the TXT entries in and save:</p> - <img src="pix/openalias-04.png" alt="bitcoin openalias entries"> + <a href=pix/openalias-04.png><img src="pix/openalias-04.png" alt="bitcoin openalias entries"></a> <p>And we can then check that it's working by trying to send money to <code>landchad.net</code> in Electrum. See that it automatically appends the address! </p> - <img src="pix/openalias-05.png" alt="electrum resolves an openalias"> + <a href=pix/openalias-05.png><img src="pix/openalias-05.png" alt="electrum resolves an openalias"></a> <p> And that's it. Now users can easily send your website or email address Bitcoin or Monero without having to worry about hard to read addresses and QR codes. </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/pix/gitea-push-create.png b/pix/gitea-push-create.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ca79c71 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/gitea-push-create.png diff --git a/pix/gitea.svg b/pix/gitea.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9df6b83 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/gitea.svg @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> +<svg version="1.1" id="main_outline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" + y="0px" viewBox="0 0 640 640" style="enable-background:new 0 0 640 640;" xml:space="preserve"> +<g> + <path id="teabag" style="fill:#FFFFFF" d="M395.9,484.2l-126.9-61c-12.5-6-17.9-21.2-11.8-33.8l61-126.9c6-12.5,21.2-17.9,33.8-11.8 + c17.2,8.3,27.1,13,27.1,13l-0.1-109.2l16.7-0.1l0.1,117.1c0,0,57.4,24.2,83.1,40.1c3.7,2.3,10.2,6.8,12.9,14.4 + c2.1,6.1,2,13.1-1,19.3l-61,126.9C423.6,484.9,408.4,490.3,395.9,484.2z"/> + <g> + <g> + <path style="fill:#609926" d="M622.7,149.8c-4.1-4.1-9.6-4-9.6-4s-117.2,6.6-177.9,8c-13.3,0.3-26.5,0.6-39.6,0.7c0,39.1,0,78.2,0,117.2 + c-5.5-2.6-11.1-5.3-16.6-7.9c0-36.4-0.1-109.2-0.1-109.2c-29,0.4-89.2-2.2-89.2-2.2s-141.4-7.1-156.8-8.5 + c-9.8-0.6-22.5-2.1-39,1.5c-8.7,1.8-33.5,7.4-53.8,26.9C-4.9,212.4,6.6,276.2,8,285.8c1.7,11.7,6.9,44.2,31.7,72.5 + c45.8,56.1,144.4,54.8,144.4,54.8s12.1,28.9,30.6,55.5c25,33.1,50.7,58.9,75.7,62c63,0,188.9-0.1,188.9-0.1s12,0.1,28.3-10.3 + c14-8.5,26.5-23.4,26.5-23.4s12.9-13.8,30.9-45.3c5.5-9.7,10.1-19.1,14.1-28c0,0,55.2-117.1,55.2-231.1 + C633.2,157.9,624.7,151.8,622.7,149.8z M125.6,353.9c-25.9-8.5-36.9-18.7-36.9-18.7S69.6,321.8,60,295.4 + c-16.5-44.2-1.4-71.2-1.4-71.2s8.4-22.5,38.5-30c13.8-3.7,31-3.1,31-3.1s7.1,59.4,15.7,94.2c7.2,29.2,24.8,77.7,24.8,77.7 + S142.5,359.9,125.6,353.9z M425.9,461.5c0,0-6.1,14.5-19.6,15.4c-5.8,0.4-10.3-1.2-10.3-1.2s-0.3-0.1-5.3-2.1l-112.9-55 + c0,0-10.9-5.7-12.8-15.6c-2.2-8.1,2.7-18.1,2.7-18.1L322,273c0,0,4.8-9.7,12.2-13c0.6-0.3,2.3-1,4.5-1.5c8.1-2.1,18,2.8,18,2.8 + l110.7,53.7c0,0,12.6,5.7,15.3,16.2c1.9,7.4-0.5,14-1.8,17.2C474.6,363.8,425.9,461.5,425.9,461.5z"/> + <path style="fill:#609926" d="M326.8,380.1c-8.2,0.1-15.4,5.8-17.3,13.8c-1.9,8,2,16.3,9.1,20c7.7,4,17.5,1.8,22.7-5.4 + c5.1-7.1,4.3-16.9-1.8-23.1l24-49.1c1.5,0.1,3.7,0.2,6.2-0.5c4.1-0.9,7.1-3.6,7.1-3.6c4.2,1.8,8.6,3.8,13.2,6.1 + c4.8,2.4,9.3,4.9,13.4,7.3c0.9,0.5,1.8,1.1,2.8,1.9c1.6,1.3,3.4,3.1,4.7,5.5c1.9,5.5-1.9,14.9-1.9,14.9 + c-2.3,7.6-18.4,40.6-18.4,40.6c-8.1-0.2-15.3,5-17.7,12.5c-2.6,8.1,1.1,17.3,8.9,21.3c7.8,4,17.4,1.7,22.5-5.3 + c5-6.8,4.6-16.3-1.1-22.6c1.9-3.7,3.7-7.4,5.6-11.3c5-10.4,13.5-30.4,13.5-30.4c0.9-1.7,5.7-10.3,2.7-21.3 + c-2.5-11.4-12.6-16.7-12.6-16.7c-12.2-7.9-29.2-15.2-29.2-15.2s0-4.1-1.1-7.1c-1.1-3.1-2.8-5.1-3.9-6.3c4.7-9.7,9.4-19.3,14.1-29 + c-4.1-2-8.1-4-12.2-6.1c-4.8,9.8-9.7,19.7-14.5,29.5c-6.7-0.1-12.9,3.5-16.1,9.4c-3.4,6.3-2.7,14.1,1.9,19.8 + C343.2,346.5,335,363.3,326.8,380.1z"/> + </g> + </g> +</g> +</svg> diff --git a/pix/irc.svg b/pix/irc.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0f48379 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc.svg @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 20010904//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd"> +<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) --><svg height="60.0000000" id="svg1" inkscape:version="0.38.1" sodipodi:docbase="/home/danny/flat/scalable/apps" sodipodi:docname="irc_protocol.svg" sodipodi:version="0.32" version="1.0" width="60.0000000" x="0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" y="0"> + <metadata> + <rdf:RDF xmlns:cc="http://web.resource.org/cc/" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> + <cc:Work rdf:about=""> + <dc:title>Part of the Flat Icon Collection (Wed Aug 25 23:23:49 2004)</dc:title> + <dc:description></dc:description> + <dc:subject> + <rdf:Bag> + <rdf:li>hash</rdf:li> + <rdf:li></rdf:li> + <rdf:li>application</rdf:li> + <rdf:li>computer</rdf:li> + <rdf:li>icons</rdf:li> + <rdf:li>theme</rdf:li> + </rdf:Bag> + </dc:subject> + <dc:publisher> + <cc:Agent rdf:about="http://www.openclipart.org"> + <dc:title>Danny Allen</dc:title> + </cc:Agent> + </dc:publisher> + <dc:creator> + <cc:Agent> + <dc:title>Danny Allen</dc:title> + </cc:Agent> + </dc:creator> + <dc:rights> + <cc:Agent> + <dc:title>Danny Allen</dc:title> + </cc:Agent> + </dc:rights> + <dc:date></dc:date> + <dc:format>image/svg+xml</dc:format> + <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage"/> + <cc:license rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/PublicDomain"/> + <dc:language>en</dc:language> + </cc:Work> + <cc:License rdf:about="http://web.resource.org/cc/PublicDomain"> + <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction"/> + <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution"/> + <cc:permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks"/> + </cc:License> + </rdf:RDF> + </metadata> + <sodipodi:namedview bordercolor="#ffffff" borderopacity="1.0" id="base" inkscape:cx="37.697545" inkscape:cy="22.126475" inkscape:pageopacity="0.0" inkscape:pageshadow="2" inkscape:window-height="685" inkscape:window-width="1016" inkscape:window-x="0" inkscape:window-y="0" inkscape:zoom="6.9465337" pagecolor="#ffffff" showguides="true" snaptoguides="true"/> + <defs id="defs3"> + <linearGradient id="linearGradient772"> + <stop id="stop773" offset="0" style="stop-color:#fff;stop-opacity:1;"/> + <stop id="stop774" offset="1" style="stop-color:#fff;stop-opacity:1;"/> + </linearGradient> + <linearGradient id="linearGradient775" xlink:href="#linearGradient772"/> + </defs> + <path d="M 11.934141,39.676628 C 11.934141,39.055534 12.066954,38.483269 12.332579,37.959831 C 12.598204,37.432487 12.969298,37.018425 13.445860,36.717644 C 13.926329,36.416862 14.473204,36.266472 15.086485,36.266472 C 15.410704,36.266472 15.744688,36.305534 16.088438,36.383659 C 16.432188,36.457878 16.721251,36.586784 16.955626,36.770378 C 17.190001,36.953972 17.307188,37.202019 17.307188,37.514519 C 17.307188,37.764519 17.232970,37.973503 17.084532,38.141472 C 16.940001,38.309441 16.758360,38.393425 16.539610,38.393425 C 16.434141,38.393425 16.330626,38.375847 16.229063,38.340691 C 16.131407,38.305534 16.031798,38.268425 15.930235,38.229362 C 15.832579,38.186394 15.727110,38.151237 15.613829,38.123894 C 15.504454,38.096550 15.365782,38.082878 15.197813,38.082878 C 14.893126,38.082878 14.635313,38.155144 14.424376,38.299675 C 14.217345,38.440300 14.061095,38.631706 13.955626,38.873894 C 13.854063,39.112175 13.803282,39.379753 13.803282,39.676628 C 13.803282,39.965691 13.854063,40.235222 13.955626,40.485222 C 14.057188,40.731316 14.203673,40.926628 14.395079,41.071159 C 14.590391,41.215691 14.820860,41.287956 15.086485,41.287956 C 15.387266,41.287956 15.690001,41.231316 15.994688,41.118034 C 16.299376,41.004753 16.481016,40.948112 16.539610,40.948112 C 16.680235,40.948112 16.809141,40.989128 16.926329,41.071159 C 17.043516,41.153191 17.135313,41.260612 17.201720,41.393425 C 17.272032,41.522331 17.307188,41.655144 17.307188,41.791862 C 17.307188,42.080925 17.180235,42.325066 16.926329,42.524284 C 16.676329,42.723503 16.377501,42.868034 16.029845,42.957878 C 15.682188,43.051628 15.367735,43.098503 15.086485,43.098503 C 14.621641,43.098503 14.195860,43.012566 13.809141,42.840691 C 13.426329,42.668816 13.092345,42.424675 12.807188,42.108269 C 12.522032,41.787956 12.305235,41.420769 12.156798,41.006706 C 12.008360,40.588737 11.934141,40.145378 11.934141,39.676628 z M 7.9614851,41.991081 L 7.9614851,37.362175 C 7.9614851,37.084831 8.0474226,36.854362 8.2192976,36.670769 C 8.3950789,36.483269 8.6196883,36.389519 8.8931258,36.389519 C 9.1196883,36.389519 9.3150008,36.450066 9.4790633,36.571159 C 9.6470320,36.688347 9.7642195,36.827019 9.8306258,36.987175 C 10.232970,36.506706 10.664610,36.266472 11.125548,36.266472 C 11.379454,36.266472 11.602110,36.358269 11.793516,36.541862 C 11.988829,36.721550 12.086485,36.953972 12.086485,37.239128 C 12.086485,37.532097 11.994688,37.744987 11.811095,37.877800 C 11.631407,38.010612 11.332579,38.137566 10.914610,38.258659 C 10.488829,38.379753 10.201720,38.532097 10.053282,38.715691 C 9.9048445,38.895378 9.8306258,39.219597 9.8306258,39.688347 L 9.8306258,41.991081 C 9.8306258,42.268425 9.7427351,42.502800 9.5669539,42.694206 C 9.3950789,42.881706 9.1704695,42.975456 8.8931258,42.975456 C 8.6196883,42.975456 8.3950789,42.881706 8.2192976,42.694206 C 8.0474226,42.502800 7.9614851,42.268425 7.9614851,41.991081 z M 5.2603133,41.991081 L 5.2603133,37.362175 C 5.2603133,37.084831 5.3462508,36.854362 5.5181258,36.670769 C 5.6939070,36.483269 5.9185164,36.389519 6.1919539,36.389519 C 6.4692976,36.389519 6.6939070,36.483269 6.8657820,36.670769 C 7.0415633,36.854362 7.1294539,37.084831 7.1294539,37.362175 L 7.1294539,41.991081 C 7.1294539,42.268425 7.0415633,42.502800 6.8657820,42.694206 C 6.6939070,42.881706 6.4692976,42.975456 6.1919539,42.975456 C 5.9185164,42.975456 5.6939070,42.881706 5.5181258,42.694206 C 5.3462508,42.502800 5.2603133,42.268425 5.2603133,41.991081 z M 5.0786726,34.696159 C 5.0786726,34.391472 5.1880476,34.127800 5.4067976,33.905144 C 5.6255476,33.682487 5.8872664,33.571159 6.1919539,33.571159 C 6.5005476,33.571159 6.7642195,33.680534 6.9829695,33.899284 C 7.2017195,34.118034 7.3110945,34.383659 7.3110945,34.696159 C 7.3110945,35.020378 7.2017195,35.289909 6.9829695,35.504753 C 6.7642195,35.719597 6.5005476,35.827019 6.1919539,35.827019 C 5.8872664,35.827019 5.6255476,35.717644 5.4067976,35.498894 C 5.1880476,35.280144 5.0786726,35.012566 5.0786726,34.696159 z M -0.95648360,42.055534 L -0.74554610,40.479362 L -1.1967180,40.479362 C -1.3959367,40.479362 -1.5424211,40.422722 -1.6361711,40.309441 C -1.7299211,40.192253 -1.7767961,40.053581 -1.7767961,39.893425 C -1.7767961,39.733269 -1.7299211,39.598503 -1.6361711,39.489128 C -1.5424211,39.375847 -1.3959367,39.319206 -1.1967180,39.319206 L -0.58734298,39.319206 L -0.39398360,37.877800 L -0.85101485,37.877800 C -1.0463274,37.877800 -1.1908586,37.821159 -1.2846086,37.707878 C -1.3783586,37.590691 -1.4252336,37.452019 -1.4252336,37.291862 C -1.4252336,37.127800 -1.3783586,36.991081 -1.2846086,36.881706 C -1.1908586,36.768425 -1.0463274,36.711784 -0.85101485,36.711784 L -0.21820235,36.711784 L 0.039610147,34.830925 C 0.066953897,34.631706 0.12945390,34.477409 0.22711015,34.368034 C 0.32867265,34.258659 0.48882890,34.203972 0.70757890,34.203972 C 0.86382890,34.203972 0.99273515,34.248894 1.0942976,34.338737 C 1.1958601,34.424675 1.2466414,34.543816 1.2466414,34.696159 C 1.2466414,34.762566 1.2310164,34.907097 1.1997664,35.129753 L 0.98296952,36.711784 L 2.0669539,36.711784 L 2.3189070,34.830925 C 2.3462508,34.631706 2.4087508,34.477409 2.5064070,34.368034 C 2.6079695,34.258659 2.7681258,34.203972 2.9868758,34.203972 C 3.1431258,34.203972 3.2720320,34.248894 3.3735945,34.338737 C 3.4751570,34.428581 3.5259383,34.547722 3.5259383,34.696159 C 3.5259383,34.762566 3.5103133,34.907097 3.4790633,35.129753 L 3.2622664,36.711784 L 3.7192976,36.711784 C 3.9224226,36.711784 4.0689070,36.768425 4.1587508,36.881706 C 4.2525008,36.991081 4.2993758,37.127800 4.2993758,37.291862 C 4.2993758,37.452019 4.2525008,37.590691 4.1587508,37.707878 C 4.0650008,37.821159 3.9185164,37.877800 3.7192976,37.877800 L 3.1099226,37.877800 L 2.9165633,39.319206 L 3.3735945,39.319206 C 3.5767195,39.319206 3.7232039,39.373894 3.8130476,39.483269 C 3.9028914,39.592644 3.9478133,39.729362 3.9478133,39.893425 C 3.9478133,40.057487 3.9009383,40.196159 3.8071883,40.309441 C 3.7173445,40.422722 3.5728133,40.479362 3.3735945,40.479362 L 2.7349226,40.479362 L 2.4829695,42.354362 C 2.4556258,42.549675 2.3931258,42.702019 2.2954695,42.811394 C 2.1978133,42.920769 2.0376570,42.975456 1.8150008,42.975456 C 1.6587508,42.975456 1.5278914,42.932487 1.4224226,42.846550 C 1.3208601,42.756706 1.2700789,42.635612 1.2700789,42.483269 C 1.2700789,42.405144 1.2876570,42.262566 1.3228133,42.055534 L 1.5396101,40.479362 L 0.45562577,40.479362 L 0.20367265,42.354362 C 0.17632890,42.553581 0.11187577,42.707878 0.010313272,42.817253 C -0.087342978,42.922722 -0.24749923,42.975456 -0.47015548,42.975456 C -0.62249923,42.975456 -0.75140548,42.932487 -0.85687423,42.846550 C -0.95843673,42.756706 -1.0092180,42.635612 -1.0092180,42.483269 C -1.0092180,42.405144 -0.99163985,42.262566 -0.95648360,42.055534 z M 1.7153914,39.319206 L 1.9087508,37.877800 L 0.81890702,37.877800 L 0.62554765,39.319206 L 1.7153914,39.319206 z " id="path832" style="font-size:12.000000;font-weight:900;fill:#ffffff;stroke-width:1.0000000pt;font-family:VAG Rounded Black SSi;" transform="matrix(2.687231,-1.389012e-16,1.389012e-16,2.687231,8.790176,-72.34898)"/> +</svg> diff --git a/pix/irc/hexchat-connection-complete.png b/pix/irc/hexchat-connection-complete.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..096ae01 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc/hexchat-connection-complete.png diff --git a/pix/irc/hexchat-network-edit.png b/pix/irc/hexchat-network-edit.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4a0fb6f --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc/hexchat-network-edit.png diff --git a/pix/irc/hexchat-network-select.png b/pix/irc/hexchat-network-select.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f4ffe3 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc/hexchat-network-select.png diff --git a/pix/irc/hexchat-sasl.png b/pix/irc/hexchat-sasl.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ce77149 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc/hexchat-sasl.png diff --git a/pix/irc/textual-identity.png b/pix/irc/textual-identity.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..a2fce22 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc/textual-identity.png diff --git a/pix/irc/textual-network-edit.png b/pix/irc/textual-network-edit.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..1eb4dc7 --- /dev/null +++ b/pix/irc/textual-network-edit.png diff --git a/pleroma.html b/pleroma.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b7e149e --- /dev/null +++ b/pleroma.html @@ -0,0 +1,169 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang=en> + <head> + <title>Setup a Pleroma Server – LandChad.net</title> + <meta charset="utf-8"/> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' title='Land Chad RSS' href='/rss.xml'> + </head> +<body> + <header><h1>Setup a Pleroma Server</h1></header> + <nav></nav> + <main> + + <p>Hopefully by now you won't have to be sold on the invasive practices that social media companies conduct. Websites such as Facebook and Twitter aquire so much data on users that they often know more about you than you know about yourself. + +The simple solution to this is to not use social media. However, that just isn't an option for most people. So the next best thing is to setup a self-hosted and federalised social media site so that you have full control over your data. + +I've previously made<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7mVsLSsotU"> a video showing all the steps in depth if you want to check it out.</a> If you run into any issues I suggest you look at the video. +</p> + + <p>You'll need a server or VPS. Nearly any Operating system is supported but for this tutorial I'm gonna presume you're using a Debian-based OS. You'll also need a domain name pointing to your server's IP address <a href="https://landchad.net/dns.html">which is explained in this tutorial.</a> + </p> + + + +<h2>Installation</h2> + +<h3>Setting Up and Configuring</h3> + +<p>First things first you'll need to make sure that you've hardened you SSH so that password authentication is disabled and you'll also want to setup Fail2Ban. +There's a great tutorial on how to do this <a href="https://landchad.net/sshkeys.html">which can be read here.</a> +</p> + +<p> +Next we'll install the required packages: +</p> + +<pre><code>apt install -y curl unzip libncurses5 postgresql postgresql-contrib nginx certbot libmagic-dev</code></pre> + +<p> +You can manually configure postgreSQL to suit your system better. <a href="https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/configuration/postgresql/">Check out the documentation here</a> and then run the below command: +</p> + +<pre><code>systemctl restart postgresql</code></pre> + + +<h3>Installing the Pleroma App</h3> + +<h4>First as the root user</h4> +<p> +Pleroma is not in the Debian app repositories, so we will install it manually. +First create the Pleroma user by running the below command: +</p> + +<pre><code>useradd -m -s /bin/bash -d /opt/pleroma pleroma</code></pre> + +<p> +Then, still as root, we will create the required directories and give the Pleroma user ownership of them. +</p> + +<pre><code>mkdir -p /var/lib/pleroma/uploads +chown -R pleroma /var/lib/pleroma +mkdir -p /var/lib/pleroma/static +chown -R pleroma /var/lib/pleroma +mkdir -p /etc/pleroma +chown -R pleroma /etc/pleroma</code></pre> + +<h4>Now, as the new Pleroma user</h4> + +<p> +Now run <code>su -l pleroma</code> to login as the Pleroma user. +Now use the <code>curl</code> command below to download the Pleroma software and unzip it. +</p> + +<pre><code>curl 'https://git.pleroma.social/api/v4/projects/2/jobs/artifacts/stable/download?job=<strong>amd64</strong>' -o /tmp/pleroma.zip +unzip /tmp/pleroma.zip -d /tmp/</code></pre> + +<aside><p>Note that we are downloading the <strong>amd64</strong> version here. If you know you have a different CPU architecture, replace that with whatever your architecture is.</p></aside> + +<pre><code>mv /tmp/release/* /opt/pleroma +rmdir /tmp/release +rm /tmp/pleroma.zip +./bin/pleroma_ctl instance gen --output /etc/pleroma/config.exs --output-psql /tmp/setup_db.psql</code></pre> + +<p>We need to briefly return to the root user so we can run the following command (via the postgres user) to set up the database. +Type <code>ctrl-d</code> or run <code>exit</code> to return to the root user, then run: +</p> + +<pre><code>su postgres -s $SHELL -lc "psql -f /tmp/setup_db.psql"</code></pre> + +<p>Then return to the pleroma user with <code>su -l pleroma</code> and we will test to see that Pleroma can run:</p> + +<pre><code>./bin/pleroma_ctl migrate +./bin/pleroma daemon</code></pre> + +<p> +That will initialize Pleroma. It might take as long as a minute to get started, so wait a bit, then run the following: +</p> +<pre><code>curl http://localhost:4000/api/v1/instance</code></pre> + +<p>If everything is working, this command will give you a long line of messy output. If it is not, you will get a connection error message. +Once it is working successfully, stop the Pleroma daemon and we will interface Pleroma with the web server.</p> + +<pre><code>./bin/pleroma stop</code></pre> + +<h3>Setup and Configure Nginx</h3> + +<p> +Return again to the root user. Let's copy Pleroma's Nginx configuration file from the template given in the installation and enable it: +</p> + +<pre><code>cp /opt/pleroma/installation/pleroma.nginx /etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf +ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/pleroma.conf</code></pre> + +<p>Edit the <code>etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf</code> file and replace <strong>example.tld</strong> with your domain name.</p> + +<p> +We now have to get a SSL certificate to enable encryption, since we have a model configuration that already includes SSL information, +just check the brief <a href="standalone.html">the standalone certificate page</a> to get the needed certificate. +Once you've got your cert setup, copy over the Nginx configuration with the below command: +</p> + +<p> +Once everything, including your Cerbot certificate is ready, simply reload Nginx with this command: +</p> + +<pre><code>systemctl reload nginx</code></pre> + + +<h3>Setting up the service</h3> + +<p> +Pleroma itself runs on a SystemD service similar to other things running on your server like Nginx. To start the service up run the below commands: +</p> + +<pre><code>cp /opt/pleroma/installation/pleroma.service /etc/systemd/system/pleroma.service +systemctl start pleroma +systemctl enable pleroma</code></pre> + +<p> +If everything worked then when you go to your domain in the web browser you should see a bare-bones Pleroma instance. +</p> + + +<h3>Creating an Admin User</h3> + +<p>You'll be able to create new accounts on the Pleroma instance in the login section on the website but the easiest way to setup an admin account is with the CLI. Simply run the below command replaced with your username: +</p> + +<pre><code>su -l pleroma +./bin/pleroma_ctl user new <strong>username</strong> <strong>username</strong>@<strong>example.org</strong> --admin</code></pre> + +<p> +If you run into any issues then <a href="https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/installation/otp_en/">feel free to checkout the documentation</a> or send me an email or message. My details are below. +</p> + +<ul> + <li><a href="https://biasedriot.co">biasedriot.co</a></li> + <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCehh50T6qtDpt_kEUF33GJw">youtube</a></li> + <li>Bitcoin: <code class=crypto>1Dmn9jEtWAhdLk1HHWkUVNeDdAaBCwNajm</code></li> + <li>Monero: <code>84Y4FZiTbLeR5qc1fBrBhB1yq5agKtEdoixq2w1ysXJv486MiBCz3czGT15bqeXDPpdLoNyF93inxY3BCk6g8mrDMNKoArS</code></li> +</ul> + + </main> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> +</body> +</html> @@ -16,7 +16,1001 @@ <!-- LB --> <item> -<title>Hosting Your Own Git Repositories – LandChad.net</title> +<title>Setup a Pleroma Server</title> +<guid>https://landchad.net/pleroma.html</guid> +<link>https://landchad.net/pleroma.html</link> +<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2021 09:14:32 -0400</pubDate> +<description><![CDATA[ + <header><h1>Setup a Pleroma Server</h1></header> + + <main> + <p>Hopefully by now you won't have to be sold on the invasive practices that social media companies conduct. Websites such as Facebook and Twitter aquire so much data on users that they often know more about you than you know about yourself. +The simple solution to this is to not use social media. However, that just isn't an option for most people. So the next best thing is to setup a self-hosted and federalised social media site so that you have full control over your data. +I've previously made<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7mVsLSsotU"> a video showing all the steps in depth if you want to check it out.</a> If you run into any issues I suggest you look at the video. +</p> + <p>You'll need a server or VPS. Nearly any Operating system is supported but for this tutorial I'm gonna presume you're using a Debian-based OS. You'll also need a domain name pointing to your server's IP address <a href="https://landchad.net/dns.html">which is explained in this tutorial.</a> + </p> +<h2>Installation</h2> +<h3>Setting Up and Configuring</h3> +<p>First things first you'll need to make sure that you've hardened you SSH so that password authentication is disabled and you'll also want to setup Fail2Ban. +There's a great tutorial on how to do this <a href="https://landchad.net/sshkeys.html">which can be read here.</a> +</p> +<p> +Next we'll install the required packages: +</p> +<pre><code>apt install -y curl unzip libncurses5 postgresql postgresql-contrib nginx certbot libmagic-dev</code></pre> +<p> +You can manually configure postgreSQL to suit your system better. <a href="https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/configuration/postgresql/">Check out the documentation here</a> and then run the below command: +</p> +<pre><code>systemctl restart postgresql</code></pre> +<h3>Installing the Pleroma App</h3> +<h4>First as the root user</h4> +<p> +Pleroma is not in the Debian app repositories, so we will install it manually. +First create the Pleroma user by running the below command: +</p> +<pre><code>useradd -m -s /bin/bash -d /opt/pleroma pleroma</code></pre> +<p> +Then, still as root, we will create the required directories and give the Pleroma user ownership of them. +</p> +<pre><code>mkdir -p /var/lib/pleroma/uploads +chown -R pleroma /var/lib/pleroma +mkdir -p /var/lib/pleroma/static +chown -R pleroma /var/lib/pleroma +mkdir -p /etc/pleroma +chown -R pleroma /etc/pleroma</code></pre> +<h4>Now, as the new Pleroma user</h4> +<p> +Now run <code>su -l pleroma</code> to login as the Pleroma user. +Now use the <code>curl</code> command below to download the Pleroma software and unzip it. +</p> +<pre><code>curl 'https://git.pleroma.social/api/v4/projects/2/jobs/artifacts/stable/download?job=<strong>amd64</strong>' -o /tmp/pleroma.zip +unzip /tmp/pleroma.zip -d /tmp/</code></pre> +<aside><p>Note that we are downloading the <strong>amd64</strong> version here. If you know you have a different CPU architecture, replace that with whatever your architecture is.</p></aside> +<pre><code>mv /tmp/release/* /opt/pleroma +rmdir /tmp/release +rm /tmp/pleroma.zip +./bin/pleroma_ctl instance gen --output /etc/pleroma/config.exs --output-psql /tmp/setup_db.psql</code></pre> +<p>We need to briefly return to the root user so we can run the following command (via the postgres user) to set up the database. +Type <code>ctrl-d</code> or run <code>exit</code> to return to the root user, then run: +</p> +<pre><code>su postgres -s $SHELL -lc "psql -f /tmp/setup_db.psql"</code></pre> +<p>Then return to the pleroma user with <code>su -l pleroma</code> and we will test to see that Pleroma can run:</p> +<pre><code>./bin/pleroma_ctl migrate +./bin/pleroma daemon</code></pre> +<p> +That will initialize Pleroma. It might take as long as a minute to get started, so wait a bit, then run the following: +</p> +<pre><code>curl http://localhost:4000/api/v1/instance</code></pre> +<p>If everything is working, this command will give you a long line of messy output. If it is not, you will get a connection error message. +Once it is working successfully, stop the Pleroma daemon and we will interface Pleroma with the web server.</p> +<pre><code>./bin/pleroma stop</code></pre> +<h3>Setup and Configure Nginx</h3> +<p> +Return again to the root user. Let's copy Pleroma's Nginx configuration file from the template given in the installation and enable it: +</p> +<pre><code>cp /opt/pleroma/installation/pleroma.nginx /etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf +ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/pleroma.conf</code></pre> +<p>Edit the <code>etc/nginx/sites-available/pleroma.conf</code> file and replace <strong>example.tld</strong> with your domain name.</p> +<p> +We now have to get a SSL certificate to enable encryption, since we have a model configuration that already includes SSL information, +just check the brief <a href="standalone.html">the standalone certificate page</a> to get the needed certificate. +Once you've got your cert setup, copy over the Nginx configuration with the below command: +</p> +<p> +Once everything, including your Cerbot certificate is ready, simply reload Nginx with this command: +</p> +<pre><code>systemctl reload nginx</code></pre> +<h3>Setting up the service</h3> +<p> +Pleroma itself runs on a SystemD service similar to other things running on your server like Nginx. To start the service up run the below commands: +</p> +<pre><code>cp /opt/pleroma/installation/pleroma.service /etc/systemd/system/pleroma.service +systemctl start pleroma +systemctl enable pleroma</code></pre> +<p> +If everything worked then when you go to your domain in the web browser you should see a bare-bones Pleroma instance. +</p> +<h3>Creating an Admin User</h3> +<p>You'll be able to create new accounts on the Pleroma instance in the login section on the website but the easiest way to setup an admin account is with the CLI. Simply run the below command replaced with your username: +</p> +<pre><code>su -l pleroma +./bin/pleroma_ctl user new <strong>username</strong> <strong>username</strong>@<strong>example.org</strong> --admin</code></pre> +<p> +If you run into any issues then <a href="https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/installation/otp_en/">feel free to checkout the documentation</a> or send me an email or message. My details are below. +</p> +<ul> + <li><a href="https://biasedriot.co">biasedriot.co</a></li> + <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCehh50T6qtDpt_kEUF33GJw">youtube</a></li> + <li>Bitcoin: <code class=crypto>1Dmn9jEtWAhdLk1HHWkUVNeDdAaBCwNajm</code></li> + <li>Monero: <code>84Y4FZiTbLeR5qc1fBrBhB1yq5agKtEdoixq2w1ysXJv486MiBCz3czGT15bqeXDPpdLoNyF93inxY3BCk6g8mrDMNKoArS</code></li> +</ul> + </main> + +]]></description> +</item> + + +<item> +<title>Certbot on Standalone Domains and Subdomains</title> +<guid>https://landchad.net/standalone.html</guid> +<link>https://landchad.net/standalone.html</link> +<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jul 2021 09:14:29 -0400</pubDate> +<description><![CDATA[ + <header><h1>Certbot on Standalone Domains and Subdomains</h1></header> + + <main> + <p>The command <code>certbot --nginx</code> will take an unencrypted website on an Nginx configuration file, get a certificate for it and change the configuration to use that certificate and thus HTTPS.</p> + <p>Sometimes, however, you are given an Nginx configuration template that already has encryption/HTTPS, so running the automated <code>certbot --nginx</code> is not possible, as it will simply give an error saying that the certicate that Nginx is looking for doesn't already exist and thus the Nginx config is broken.</p> + <p>So suppose you want to get a certificate for <strong>pleroma.example.org</strong> because you are installing Pleroma and the configuration file presupposes a certificate. + In this case you would want to run this:</p> + <pre><code>systemctl stop nginx +certbot certonly --standalone -d <strong>pleroma.example.org</strong> +systemctl start nginx</code></pre> + <p>What we do here is temporarily turn of Nginx, then run a <code>certonly</code> subcommand that generates a certificate for the domain without changing or caring about the Nginx configuration. Then we reactivate Nginx, thus turning back on our webserver.</p> + <p>The reason we deactivate Nginx is that it uses the ports that Certbot will want to bind to, and thus we must temporarily turn Nginx off to let Certbot use those ports. (What it actually does is spin up a dummy webserver that doesn't need to think about the Nginx configuration.)</p> + <p>This is just a little note of something that might confuse people, but the three commands above should suffice. If your site is still managed by Nginx, it should still be able to renew with simple <code>certbot renew --nginx</code> without a problem.</p> + </main> + +]]></description> +</item> + + +<item> +<title>Using UFW as a Firewall</title> +<guid>https://landchad.net/ufw.html</guid> +<link>https://landchad.net/ufw.html</link> +<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2021 16:58:11 -0400</pubDate> +<description><![CDATA[ + <header><h1>Using UFW as a Firewall</h1></header> + + <main> + <p> + <strong>Uncomplicated Firewall</strong> (UFW) is a front-facing program for the more involved <code>iptables</code> firewall program installed in most GNU/Linux distributions. + We can use <code>ufw</code> to restrict machines on the internet to only access the services (SSH, websites etc) you want them to, but it can also be used to prevent programs on the computer itself from accesing parts of the internet it shouldn't. + </p> + <h2 id="how-to-get-it">How to Get It</h2> + <p>Log into your server by pulling up a terminal and typing:</p> + <pre><code>ssh root@<strong>example.org</strong></code></pre> + <p> + This command will attempt to log into your server and run a remote shell. + If you leave the settings default, it should prompt you for your password, and you can just copy or type in the password from Vultr's site. + </p> + <p> + Some VPS providers automatically install <code>ufw</code>, but if you do not have it installed already, install it in the typical way: + </p> + <pre><code>apt install ufw</code></pre> + <h2 id="first-time-setup">First-Time Setup</h2> + <p>You can check the status of <code>ufw</code> right now by running:</p> + <pre><code>ufw status</code></pre> + <p>Without any changes, it should report back <code>Status: inactive</code>. Let's set it up so that only connections to SSH (standardized at port 22) are allowed in, and then enable the firewall:</p> + <aside> + <strong>Careful!</strong> Enabling <code>ufw</code> without allowing SSH will block you from remoting to your server. + Double-check that you have allowed SSH, and if you have changed the default SSH port, put in <em>that</em> number instead. + </aside> + <pre><code>ufw default deny incoming # block all incoming connections by default +ufw allow in ssh # or: ufw allow in 22 +ufw enable</code></pre> + <aside> + <code>ufw</code> has an internal list of protocols applications, and the ports used by them. + In this case, it knwos SSH is on port 22. + We'll go more in detail how to view all protocols <code>ufw</code> knows about. + By default, when you allow an incoming port, it allows that port both on IPv4 and IPv6. + </aside> + <p> + With the firewall enabled and allowing only SSH in, all other ports are prortected from incoming requests. + To view all your rules, run: + </p> + <pre><code>ufw status verbose</code></pre> + <p>A firewall that allows to connect to SSH and their website may look like:</p> + <pre><code>Status: active +Logging: on (low) +Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), deny (routed) +New profiles: skip +To Action From +-- ------ ---- +22 (SSH) ALLOW IN Anywhere +80,443/tcp (WWW Full) ALLOW IN Anywhere +22 (SSH (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) +80,443/tcp (WWW Full (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)</code></pre> + <p>If you want to delete e.g. the 'WWW Full' rule, run:</p> + <pre><code>ufw delete allow in 'WWW Full' +ufw reload</pre></code> + <h2 id="enabling-common-services">Enabling Common Services</h2> + <p> + You have blocked all incoming ports but SSH, which means no outsiders would be able to access other services, like an email server or your website. + You should look at the ports your services are open on and enable them individually. + Here is a list of a few common services: + </p> + <h3>Opening Port Numbers</h3> + <p>Suppose you install <a href="gemini.html">a Gemini server</a>, which must broadcast on port 1965. By default <code>ufw</code> blocks all incoming connections on all ports, so whenever you install a new service like this you will have to tell <code>ufw</code> to enable the desired port:</p> + <pre><code>ufw allow 1985</code></pre> + <h3>Websites: HTTP and HTTPS</h3> + <p>HTTP uses port 80 and HTTPS uses port 443. We can enable them like this:</p> + <pre><code>ufw allow 80 +ufw allow 443</code></pre> + <p>But <code>ufw</code> additionally knows the typical ports of common serives, so you can also run this:</p> + <pre><code>ufw allow http +ufw allow https</code></pre> + <p>And that will do the same thing. There are also other abbreviations for common port lists:</p> + <pre><code>ufw allow in 'WWW Full'</code></pre> + <p>To see these other "apps" that <code>ufw</code> knows by default, run <code>ufw app list</code></p> + <h3>Email: IMAP, POP3, and SMTP</h3> + <pre><code>ufw allow in IMAPS +ufw allow in POP3 +ufw allow in SMTP +ufw allow in 'Postfix SMTPS' +ufw allow in 'Mail Submission'</pre></code> + <h2 id="fine-tuning-rules">Fine-Tuning Rules</h2> + <p>Instead of denying all ports by default, you may want to deny (ignores incoming requests) or reject (explicitly tells requests they're not allowed):</p> + <pre><code>ufw default allow in +ufw deny in <strong>PORT</strong> +ufw reject in <strong>PORT</strong> +ufw reload</code></pre> + <p>You can add rules to comments to remember what they are there for:</p> + <pre><code>ufw allow in <strong>PORT</strong> comment 'Secret SSH' +ufw reload +ufw status verbose</code></pre> + <p>Output:</p> + <pre><code>To Action From +-- ------ ---- +<strong>PORT</strong> ALLOW IN Anywhere # Secret SSH +<strong>PORT</strong> (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) # Secret SSH</pre></code> + <p>To deny outgoing ports:</p> + <pre><code>ufw deny out <strong>PORT</strong></code></pre> + <p>Ratelimiting is useful to protect against brute-force login attacks, like in SSH. Only IPv4 is supported for now. Enable it by running:</p> + <pre><code>ufw limit <strong>PORT</strong>/tcp</code></pre> + <p>To blocklist IP addresses:</p> + <pre><code>ufw deny from <strong>IP_ADDRESS</strong></code></pre> + <p>To read more what you can do with <code>ufw</code>, run:</p> + <pre><code>man ufw</code></pre> + <h2 id="recovering-from-losing-ssh">Recovering SSH</h2> + <p> + If you have accidentally firewalled yourself from logging on your computer, you can recover access by using your VPS's virtual console. + On Vultr, this is on your VPS's menu. To the right of the server name, It is the leftmost icon that looks like a monitor. + </p> + <a href="pix/ssh-01.png"><img src="pix/ssh-01.png" alt="View Console"></a> + <p>Log in through there, and disable ufw by typing:</p> + <pre><code>ufw disable</code></pre> + <h2 id="further-reading">Further Reading</h2> + <ul> + <li><a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall">Ubuntu Wiki: UncomplicatedFirewall</a></li> + <li><a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw">Gufw (Graphical UFW)</a></li> + <li><code>man ufw</code></li> + </ul> + <strong>Contributor</strong> - <a href="https://shunter.xyz">shunter.xyz</a> + </main> + +]]></description> +</item> + + +<item> +<title>Creating Your Own Chat Server With IRC</title> +<guid>https://landchad.net/irc.html</guid> +<link>https://landchad.net/irc.html</link> +<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2021 16:28:32 -0400</pubDate> +<description><![CDATA[ + <header><h1>Creating Your Own Chat Server With IRC</h1></header> + + <main> + <img class=titleimg src="pix/irc.svg"> + <p> + Creating your own chat server for you and your friends is easy, and you don't have to rely on a complicated system to get started. + IRC is an old but gold protocol, and has clients for basically every operating system made since the 80s, with many powerful modern ones on Linux, Mac, and Windows. + </p> + <p> + Having a chat server for you and your friends makes it impossible for a group of arbitrarily appointed moderators to deplatform you for wrong-think, and gives you greater freedom of communication. + </p> + <h2 id="installing">Installing an IRCd</h2> + <p> + An IRCd is short for "IRC daemon", which just means an IRC server. + The most easy IRCd to setup is <a href="https://ergo.chat/">Ergo</a>. + </p> + <p> + The first thing you need to do is create a new user for the server to be run by. + This is good practice for installing software/servers manually, as it give you more fine-grained control over which permissions the application has. + </p> +<pre><code>useradd -m ergo -s /bin/bash</code></pre> + <p> + Next, we want to switch to our newly created <code>ergo</code> user and create the server directory. + </p> +<pre><code>sudo -i -u ergo +mkdir server</code></pre> + <p> + You can find the latest release of Ergo on its GitHub <a href="https://github.com/ergochat/ergo/releases/latest">latest release</a> page.<br> + There are several platforms available, but you want to choose Linux, most likely <code>linux-x86_64</code>.<br> + Once you have selected the correct package, copy its URL and replace <code><i><release url></i></code> with the package URL (still as the <code>ergo</code> user): + </p> +<pre><code>wget https://github.com/ergochat/ergo/releases/download/v2.7.0/ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz +tar -xf ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64.tar.gz +mv ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64/* +rm -r ergo-2.7.0-linux-x86_64*</code></pre> + <p>Executing <code>ls -l</code> should now yield something like this:</p> +<pre><code>-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 118825 Jun 8 00:51 CHANGELOG.md +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 1983 May 31 01:48 README +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 41440 Jun 8 00:42 default.yaml +drwxr-xr-x 2 ergo ergo 4096 Jul 1 09:01 docs +-rwxr-xr-x 1 ergo ergo 9654272 Jun 8 00:53 ergo +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 1753 May 31 01:48 ergo.motd +drwxr-xr-x 2 ergo ergo 12288 Jul 1 09:01 languages +-rw-r--r-- 1 ergo ergo 39722 Jun 8 00:42 traditional.yaml</code></pre> + <p>If you see something similar to the above, that means Ergo is installed, although not quite ready to run yet.</p> + <h2 id="configuring">Configuring Ergo</h2> + <p> + Now that Ergo is installed, you want to configure it to fit the needs of your group.<br> + The configuration in this section is tailored towards a small group of people, and less for a possibly large network, + but it should work for any size of group. + </p> + <p> + First thing, make sure you're still using the <code>ergo</code> user, and are in the <code>~/server</code> directory.<br> + If you aren't, you can run the following to get back there: + </p> +<pre><code>sudo -i -u ergo +cd ~/server</code></pre> + <p> + Next, generate certificate files for TLS: + </p> + <pre><code>./ergo mkcerts</code></pre> + <p> + Ergo comes with a default configuration file with detailed documentation that can be used to guide you through the configuration process. + This guide will help you setup the server for a typical use-case, but if you see any settings that you would like to change along the way, + go ahead and change them, as long as you know what you're doing. + </p> + <p>To start configuring, we need to copy some files:</p> +<pre><code>cp default.yaml ircd.yaml +cp ergo.motd ircd.motd</code></pre> + <p> + The next steps involve editing the newly copied <code>ircd.yaml</code> file. If you do not know how to edit text files from the comment line, + you can use <code>nano</code>, which is very simple, using arrow keys to navigate, <code>CTRL+O</code> to save, and <code>CTRL+X</code> to exit.<br> + Another option is <code>vim</code>, which is a much more powerful text editor, but has a learning curve. It is only recommended for this guide if you already know it.<br> + Lastly, you can copy the <code>ircd.yaml</code> file to a text editor on your computer and edit it with a GUI text editor of your choice. + If that is what you choose to do, you may want to just download the file from <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ergochat/ergo/master/default.yaml">Ergo's GitHub</a>, + edit it on your computer, clear the <code>ircd.yaml</code> file on the server, and then paste the contents from your computer into the blank file.<br> + No matter how you do it, the next steps assume you can edit the configuration file. + </p> + <p> + <b>Note</b>:<br> + The options highlighted in this section are not a complete overview of all options. + Instead, the options shown are the ones which are most relevant to a small network.<br> + You should read over the configuration file yourself if you are curious about everything you can change. + </p> + <h3 id="configuring-names">Network and server names</h3> + <p> + One of the first properties in the config file is network name. + You can change this to whatever you like, as it will show up as the name when you connect to the server. + </p> +<pre><code># network configuration +network: + # name of the network + name: "Land-Chat"</code></pre> + <p>Change the server name to your server's domain name.</p> +<pre><code># server configuration +server: + # server name + name: "example.org"</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-password">Network password</h3> + <p> + The next step is optional, depending on if you want your network password protected or not. + The benefit of password protection is fairly obvious; nobody can connect to your network unless you gave them the password. + If you're wanting to run a public network which anyone can join and create a channel, you want to skip this, but for personal setups, + it is highly recommended. + </p> + <p>Generate a password to use by executing the following:</p> + <pre><code>./ergo genpasswd</code></pre> + <p> + It will ask you to enter a password and confirm it, then you will be given a hashed password.<br> + Copy this password, and paste it into the following field (also removing the <code>#</code> before the <code>password:</code> line): + </p> +<pre><code># password to login to the server, generated using `ergo genpasswd`: +password: "<i><your hashed password></i>"</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-motd">Message of the day (MotD)</h3> + <p>Change the MotD (<b>M</b>essage <b>o</b>f <b>t</b>he <b>D</b>ay) file to the one you copied earlier:</p> +<pre><code># motd filename +# if you change the motd, you should move it to ircd.motd +motd: ircd.motd</code></pre> + <p>Feel free to edit <code>ircd.motd</code> to your heart's content. Its contents will be sent to clients when they connect to the network.</p> + <h3 id="configuring-ip-limits">IP limits</h3> + <p> + For security purposes, you might want to limit the amount of client connections per IP. + For a private network, 4 is likely the maximum amount of connections you will have per IP, so that is a safe value.<br> + If your network is password protected, this is less of an issue, since the only people connecting will be people who have the password. + The following is the default, but you can change it to be whichever value you like: + </p> +<pre><code># IP-based DoS protection +ip-limits: + # whether to limit the total number of concurrent connections per IP/CIDR + count: true + # maximum concurrent connections per IP/CIDR + max-concurrent-connections: 16</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-ip-cloaking">IP cloaking</h3> + <p> + Traditionally, IRC networks expose users' IP addresses to everyone. This is not a good practice for privacy, however. + With Ergo, IP cloaking is enable by default. You can enable or disable it if you like, and change how it looks to users.<br> + In this case, <code>netname</code> was changed to <code>"chad"</code>. + </p> +<pre><code># IP cloaking hides users' IP addresses from other users and from channel admins +# (but not from server admins), while still allowing channel admins to ban +# offending IP addresses or networks. In place of hostnames derived from reverse +# DNS, users see fake domain names like pwbs2ui4377257x8.irc. These names are +# generated deterministically from the underlying IP address, but if the underlying +# IP is not already known, it is infeasible to recover it from the cloaked name. +# If you disable this, you should probably enable lookup-hostnames in its place. +ip-cloaking: + # whether to enable IP cloaking + enabled: true + # whether to use these cloak settings (specifically, `netname` and `num-bits`) + # to produce unique hostnames for always-on clients. you can enable this even if + # you disabled IP cloaking for normal clients above. if this is disabled, + # always-on clients will all have an identical hostname (the server name). + enabled-for-always-on: true + # fake TLD at the end of the hostname, e.g., pwbs2ui4377257x8.irc + # you may want to use your network name here + netname: "chad"</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-hexchat-password">Password enforcement adjustments for HexChat (and possibly other clients)</h3> + <p> + Ergo offers account registration to allow users to do things like use history and bouncer features, register channels, etc.<br> + In clients such as HexChat, server password may conflict with account passwords, so the following setting should be enable if you wish to use accounts with clients such as HexChat.<br> + Note that this could under some circumstances be considered a security hazard, as a user with an account does not need to know the server password to connect, + although that user would have needed to register an account before the server had a password, and then a password would need to have been set after the fact, so this can be considered a very small concern if your setup always has had a password.<br> + Also keep in mind that this setting has no effect if your network does not even have a password at all. + </p> +<pre><code># some clients (notably Pidgin and Hexchat) offer only a single password field, +# which makes it impossible to specify a separate server password (for the PASS +# command) and SASL password. if this option is set to true, a client that +# successfully authenticates with SASL will not be required to send +# PASS as well, so it can be configured to authenticate with SASL only. +skip-server-password: true</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-multiclient">Multiclient, always-on clients, history, etc</h3> + <p> + Traditionally, IRC servers have no message history, and once you close your client, you cannot receive messages, and are not shown to be online at all. + Ergo includes functionality to allow users to both receive history, and keep their clients "online" even after they have left. + It also allows multiple clients to connect to the same account.<br> + If you are running a private network for friends, you should set <code>always-on</code> and <code>auto-away</code> to <code>opt-out</code>, + to have all users with accounts to appear as if they are online at all times, and be able to receive messages when they are offline.<br> + For a public network, keep everything as their default values, since you probably do not want randoms having this by default.<br> + If for some reason you do not want any of these features at all, you can set <code>enabled</code> to <code>false</code>, but this is not recommended. + Below are the recommended values for a private network (e.g. for friends) where users with accounts will be able to receive messages and history while they are offline. + </p> +<pre><code># multiclient controls whether Ergo allows multiple connections to +# attach to the same client/nickname identity; this is part of the +# functionality traditionally provided by a bouncer like ZNC +multiclient: + # when disabled, each connection must use a separate nickname (as is the + # typical behavior of IRC servers). when enabled, a new connection that + # has authenticated with SASL can associate itself with an existing + # client + enabled: true + # if this is disabled, clients have to opt in to bouncer functionality + # using nickserv or the cap system. if it's enabled, they can opt out + # via nickserv + allowed-by-default: true + # whether to allow clients that remain on the server even + # when they have no active connections. The possible values are: + # "disabled", "opt-in", "opt-out", or "mandatory". + always-on: "opt-out" + # whether to mark always-on clients away when they have no active connections: + auto-away: "opt-out" + # QUIT always-on clients from the server if they go this long without connecting + # (use 0 or omit for no expiration): + #always-on-expiration: 90d</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-vhosts">VHosts</h3> + <p> + IP cloaking was mentioned previously, and somewhat related to that, Ergo includes "vhost" functionality, which allows users to set a custom IP/host string. + This is mostly for cosmetic value, and does not interfere with operators being able to see actual IP addresses for banning, but if you do not want it enable for some reason, you can disable it. + </p> +<pre><code># vhosts controls the assignment of vhosts (strings displayed in place of the user's +# hostname/IP) by the HostServ service +vhosts: + # are vhosts enabled at all? + enabled: true</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-channels">Channels</h3> + <p> + Channels are where everyone on an IRC network talk. By default, anyone can create a channel, and anyone with an account can register one. + The difference between a normal channel and a registered one is that the registered one will preserve the operator status of the person who created, + whereas a normal channel's owner will lose operator status if they leave the channel or disconnect from the network.<br> + There are various settings for channels available, but the defaults are suitable for a private network with trust among users, or where you just want anyone to have the ability to create a channel. + Below are the default values: + </p> +<pre><code># channel options +channels: + # modes that are set when new channels are created + # +n is no-external-messages and +t is op-only-topic + # see /QUOTE HELP cmodes for more channel modes + default-modes: +nt + # how many channels can a client be in at once? + max-channels-per-client: 100 + # if this is true, new channels can only be created by operators with the + # `chanreg` operator capability + operator-only-creation: false + # channel registration - requires an account + registration: + # can users register new channels? + enabled: true + # restrict new channel registrations to operators only? + # (operators can then transfer channels to regular users using /CS TRANSFER) + operator-only: false + # how many channels can each account register? + max-channels-per-account: 15</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-operators">Operators (administrators, etc)</h3> + <p> + The IRC term for an administrator or another privileged user is "operator", or "oper" for short.<br> + Ergo's opers have different permissions that can be granted to them, and are defined in "classes", basically groups of permissions under a name. + For example, "chat-moderator" and "server-admin" are defined in the default configuration: + </p> +<pre><code># operator classes +oper-classes: + # chat moderator: can ban/unban users from the server, join channels, + # fix mode issues and sort out vhosts. + "chat-moderator": + # title shown in WHOIS + title: Chat Moderator + # capability names + capabilities: + - "kill" + - "ban" + - "nofakelag" + - "roleplay" + - "relaymsg" + - "vhosts" + - "sajoin" + - "samode" + - "snomasks" + # server admin: has full control of the ircd, including nickname and + # channel registrations + "server-admin": + # title shown in WHOIS + title: Server Admin + # oper class this extends from + extends: "chat-moderator" + # capability names + capabilities: + - "rehash" + - "accreg" + - "chanreg" + - "history" + - "defcon" + - "massmessage"</code></pre> + <p> + The above can be kept with their default values, but you are free to modify them or create any new classes that are appropriate for your setup.<br> + Next, let's actually create an operator account: + </p> +<pre><code># ircd operators +opers: + # default operator named 'gigachad'; log in with /OPER gigachad <password> + "gigachad": + # which capabilities this oper has access to + class: "server-admin" + # custom whois line + whois-line: is the server administrator + # custom hostname + vhost: "gigachad" + # normally, operator status is visible to unprivileged users in WHO and WHOIS + # responses. this can be disabled with 'hidden'. ('hidden' also causes the + # 'vhost' line above to be ignored.) + hidden: false + # modes are modes to auto-set upon opering-up. uncomment this to automatically + # enable snomasks ("server notification masks" that alert you to server events; + # see `/quote help snomasks` while opered-up for more information): + #modes: +is acjknoqtuxv + # operators can be authenticated either by password (with the /OPER command), + # or by certificate fingerprint, or both. if a password hash is set, then a + # password is required to oper up (e.g., /OPER dan mypassword). to generate + # the hash, use `ergo genpasswd`. + password: "<i><your oper password></i>"</code></pre> + <p> + This is a modified version of the default oper entry. The account name is "gigachad", but you can change it to anything.<br> + Replace <code><i><your oper password></i></code> with a password generated by <code>./ergo genpasswd</code>, and you will have a new oper account to use.<br> + Note that to log into an oper account, clients have to enter <code>/OPER <i><oper name></i> <i><oper password></i></code> each time they log in. + This can be automated by most clients by setting the command to be executed when the client logs in. + In the case of HexChat, you can edit your network and add the command to the <code>Connect commands</code> tab of the menu.<br> + You can copy everything from <code>"gigachad"</code> to the end of the line, paste it again, and change the name to create another oper account. + Another, less privileged example of an oper is shown as a comment below the above configuration snippet. + </p> + <h3 id="configuring-history">Chat history</h3> + <p> + Traditionally, IRC networks do not store, relay, or handle chat history in any way.<br> + On a privacy standpoint, this is a good thing, since chats are entirely ephemeral and handled by clients.<br> + On a practicality standpoint, this is a bad thing, since people have to keep a client connected 24/7 to see message history.<br> + For normalfriends, this can be a big problem, not only because having to stay online 24/7 is just annoying or infeasible, + but also because they are likely used to chat platforms that handle history for them.<br> + With this in mind, enabling history is a good idea if you want to move friends over to IRC, and will make things a lot more pleasant for private networks. + </p> + <p> + Ergo's <code>history</code> configuration group is very long, so it is encouraged to read over it yourself. + This section will go over the most important pieces of that configuration group. + </p> + <p> + History is not endless (unless you want it to be), and the amount that can be stored for channels is configurable: + </p> +<pre><code># how many channel-specific events (messages, joins, parts) should be tracked per channel? +channel-length: 2048</code></pre> + <p> + History is already enabled by default, but that just means it is being collected, not relayed by default. + To relay history to clients when they connect, change the following to the amount of messages that you think is appropriate: + </p> +<pre><code># number of messages to automatically play back on channel join (0 to disable): +autoreplay-on-join: 250</code></pre> + <p> + History older than a certain time can be configured to be deleted or be inaccessible. + The default cutoff time is 1 week, but this is configurable as well. + </p> +<pre><code> +# options to delete old messages, or prevent them from being retrieved +restrictions: + # if this is set, messages older than this cannot be retrieved by anyone + # (and will eventually be deleted from persistent storage, if that's enabled) + expire-time: 1w +</code></pre> + <p> + By default, Ergo only stores chat history in memory, so when the server restarts, all history is lost. + If you wish to have chat history persist beyond restarts, you must store it in a MySQL database: + </p> +<pre><code># options to store history messages in a persistent database (currently only MySQL). +# in order to enable any of this functionality, you must configure a MySQL server +# in the `datastore.mysql` section. +persistent: + enabled: true + # store unregistered channel messages in the persistent database? + unregistered-channels: true</code></pre> +<br> +<pre><code># connection information for MySQL (currently only used for persistent history): +mysql: + enabled: false + host: "localhost" + port: 3306 + # if socket-path is set, it will be used instead of host:port + #socket-path: "/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock" + user: "ergo" + password: "hunter2" + history-database: "ergo_history" + timeout: 3s + max-conns: 4 + # this may be necessary to prevent middleware from closing your connections: + #conn-max-lifetime: 180s</code></pre> + <p> + For privacy reasons, you may want to allow users to delete their own messages in history, or export their messages to JSON: + </p> +<pre><code># options to control how messages are stored and deleted: +retention: + # allow users to delete their own messages from history? + allow-individual-delete: true + # if persistent history is enabled, create additional index tables, + # allowing deletion of JSON export of an account's messages. this + # may be needed for compliance with data privacy regulations. + enable-account-indexing: true</code></pre> + <h3 id="configuring-spam">Spam reduction</h3> + <p> + Most IRC networks have measures in place to reduce chat spam. By default, "fakelag" is enabled in Ergo, and that can deal with most aggregious chat spam.<br> + If you are running a private network where user trust is high, you can disable it so that there are no limits on the speed that messages can be sent. + </p> +<pre><code># fakelag: prevents clients from spamming commands too rapidly +fakelag: + # whether to enforce fakelag + enabled: true + # time unit for counting command rates + window: 1s + # clients can send this many commands without fakelag being imposed + burst-limit: 5 + # once clients have exceeded their burst allowance, they can send only + # this many commands per `window`: + messages-per-window: 2 + # client status resets to the default state if they go this long without + # sending any commands: + cooldown: 2s</code></pre> + <h2 id="using">Starting and using your server</h3> + <p> + Now that Ergo is both installed and configured, you can actually start using it! + </p> + <h3 id="using-starting">Starting the server</h3> + <p> + First thing, make sure you're still using the <code>ergo</code> user, and are in the <code>~/server</code> directory.<br> + If you aren't, you can run the following to get back there: + </p> +<pre><code>sudo -i -u ergo +cd server</code></pre> + <p> + Starting the server is done in one command: + </p> + <pre><code>./ergo run</code></pre> + <p> + It will stay online until you close the terminal, or press CTRL+C. Don't worry, the next section goes over how to make it run like a normal server with a SystemD service.<br> + If you have not already, make sure the port <code>6697</code> is not blocked on your server. If you are using UFW as your firewall, + you need to run <code>ufw enable 6697</code> (not as the <code>ergo</code> user, of course).<br> + If you make and configuration changes while the server is running, you can apply them without restarting by typing <code>/rehash</code> as an operator. + </p> + <h3 id="using-connecting">Connecting to the server</h3> + <p> + To use IRC, you of course need an IRC client. There are many choices available, but the most widely used for Windows and Linux is <a href="https://hexchat.github.io/">HexChat</a>. + On Mac, you have a slightly nicer option with <a href="https://www.codeux.com/textual/">Textual</a>, although you have to <a href="https://github.com/Codeux-Software/Textual/#building-textual">compile it from source</a> if you want to use it for free.<br> + A more user-friendly and modern client choice is TheLounge, which is explained in the last section of this guide, if you want to look into it. + </p> + <p> + Connecting with HexChat is very easy. When you start it, you will see something like this: + </p> + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-network-select.png" alt="HexChat network select"> + <p> + From there, you should click <code>+ Add</code> and name the server whatever you like (so you can find it on the server list).<br> + Once you have created a new server and named it, select it and click <code>Edit...</code>. + A menu will show up like the one below. Change the domain to whatever domain your server is running on, + and make sure to put in your server password if you set one. + </p> + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-network-edit.png" alt="HexChat network edit menu"> + <p> + Once you're done editing the network, click <code>(X) Close</code>, select your network from the network list, and click <code>Connect</code>.<br> + If all is well, you should be connected! + </p> + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-connection-complete.png" alt="HexChat connection complete"> + <p> + The process is very similar on Textual.<br> + Create a new network and connect to it. Note that it will ask if you want to connect even though the certificate is unsigned. + This is due to the self-signed certificates generated for the server, and is not a problem or security vulnerability, it is just a little annoying. + </p> + <img src="pix/irc/textual-network-edit.png" alt="Textual network edit menu"> + <h2 id="service">Surviving restarts with a SystemD service</h3> + <p> + In the beginning of the last section, Ergo was started by simply running <code>./ergo run</code>, but this is only suitable for testing. + To have a proper server setup, you need to run it as a service. This can be achieved via a SystemD service. + </p> + <p> + Before creating your service file, make sure you are in <code>~/server</code> as the <code>ergo</code> user.<br> + Once you have done that, create a file called <code>start.sh</code> with the following content: + </p> +<pre><code>#!/bin/bash +./ergo run</code></pre> + <p>Save the file, then mark it as executable:</p> + <pre><code>chmod +x start.sh</code></pre> + <p>Now, create a file called <code>ergo.service</code> with the following content:</p> +<pre><code>[Unit] +Description=Ergo IRC server +After=network.target +# If you are using MySQL for history storage, comment out the above line +# and uncomment these two instead (you must independently install and configure +# MySQL for your system): +# Wants=mysql.service +# After=network.target mysql.service +[Service] +Type=simple +User=ergo +WorkingDirectory=/home/ergo/server +ExecStart=/home/ergo/server/start.sh +ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID +Restart=on-failure +LimitNOFILE=1048576 +# Uncomment this for a hidden service: +# PrivateNetwork=true +[Install] +WantedBy=multi-user.target</code></pre> + <p> + You now have your service file, but it is not installed yet. + To install it, switch to your normal user, and execute the following lines to install, enable, and start the SystemD service: + </p> +<pre><code>ln -s /home/ergo/server/ergo.service /etc/systemd/system/ergo.service +systemctl enable ergo +systemctl start ergo</code></pre> + <p>Ergo is now installed and running as a service, and will automatically start when the system boots.</p> + <h2 id="registering">Registering accounts and channels</h2> + <p> + Account and channel registration were mentioned multiple times in this guide, and are indeed very important parts of the modern IRC ecosystem. + You can connect to most IRC networks and talk without creating an account, but you will not be able to reserve your nickname or register channels, so it is important to register an account. + </p> + <h3 id="registering-accounts">Registering an account with NickServ</h3> + <p> + First, make sure you are connected to your IRC network. + Once you are, type <code>/nickserv help</code> to make sure NickServ (the registration system) is working propertly.<br> + If all is well, type the following, replacing <code><i><your password></i></code> with the password you want to use: + </p> + <pre><code>/nickserv register <i><your password></i></code></pre> + <p> + At this point, you are now registered!<br> + The final step is to configure authentication with your client. + </p> + <p>In HexChat, all that needs to be done is changing <code>Login method</code> to <code>SASL (username + password)</code>, and entering your NickServ password that you used earlier into the password field:</p> + <img src="pix/irc/hexchat-sasl.png" alt="HexChat SASL in network edit menu"> + <p> + In Textual, open up your network in the menu, and click <code>Identity</code> under <code>Server Properties</code>. + Enter your password in <code>Personal Password</code>, and check <code>Wait for identification before joining channels</code>. + </p> + <img src="pix/irc/textual-identity.png" alt="Textual identity menu"> + <p>You will now be logged into your account when you connect to your network.</p> + <h3 id="registering-channels">Registering channels with ChanServ</h3> + <p> + Once you have an account registered, you can register channels with ChanServ.<br> + To do so, join the channel you want to register, then type the following, replacing <code><i><your channel></i></code> with the name of the channel you want to register: + </p> + <pre><code>/chanserv register #<i><your channel></i></code></pre> + <p> + You are now the channel owner, and are free to appoint operators, administrators, etc for it. + When you go offline, you won't lose ownership, and you cannot be removed as the owner unless you unregister the channel later. + </p> + <h2 id="moderation">Moderation</h2> + <p> + Like any chat, there will come a point where you need to use moderation tools to keep things under control. + Many IRC setup guides do not go over moderation, so it can be stressful when operators need to actually use moderation tools.<br> + The main difference between IRC and other chat systems in terms of moderation is the difference between channel bans and network bans. + Channel ban keeps a person out of channel a channel, whereas a network ban keeps a person out of the entire network. + </p> + <h3 id="moderation-masks">Understanding masks</h3> + <p> + Bans are applied "masks", which are formatted pieces of text that contain a user's nick (username), their realname value, and their IP address or host.<br> + This is what a mask looks like: <code>nick!~nick-dude@127.0.0.1</code>.<br> + In bans, asterisks can be used as wildcards, which is useful for banning IP address ranges, patterns of nicknames, or whatever else you can think of.<br> + A ban on the nick <code>person</code>, for example, would look like this: <code>person!*@*</code>.<br> + A ban on anyone with the IP address <code>127.0.0.1</code> would look like this: <code>*!*@127.0.0.1</code> + </p> + <h3 id="moderation-real-ips">Discovering real IPs</h3> + <p> + Even if IP cloaking is enabled on your network, you can still obtain real IP addresses/hosts if you are an operator. + See the <b>Operators</b> part of the configuration section of this guide on how to become an operator.<br> + To find out a user's real IP, simply type <code>/whois</code> along with the user's nick, and you will see information about the user, along with their real IP address/host.<br> + <code>/whois</code> is not a command that is exclusive to operators, but it does not reveal as much information to non-operators. + </p> + <h3 id="moderation-network-ban">Banning someone from the network</h3> + <p> + Any netword-wide moderation action requires being an operator. See the <b>Operators</b> part of the configuration section of this guide on how to become an operator.<br> + Banning someone from the network is achieved with the <code>/kline</code> command. To see more info on the command, type <code>/helpop kline</code>.<br> + </p> + <p>To ban a nick from the network:</p> + <pre><code>/kline andkill <i><nick></i>!*@*</code></pre> + <p>To ban an IP address or host from the network:</p> + <pre><code>/kline andkill *!*@<i><IP or mask></i></code></pre> + <p>To unban a mask, you can use the <code>/unkline</code> command with the mask you want to unban.</p> + <h3 id="moderation-channel-ban">Banning someone from a channel</h3> + <p> + Channel owners, administrators, and operators can ban people from channels. + This is not the same as banning someone from the network, since it only has an effect on one channel. + Additionally, a channel operator is not the same as a network operator. + </p> + <p>To ban someone in a channel, type the following in that channel, replacing <code><i><mask></i></code> with the user's mask:</p> + <pre><code>/mode +b <i><mask></i></code></pre> + <p> + Note that this will only ban the user, not kick them immediately. + You will want to run <code>/kick</code> along with the user's nick to also kick them.<br> + To unban a user, run the command above, but replace the <code>+</code> with a <code>-</code>.<br> + You can see who is banned in a channel by typing <code>/banlist</code>. + </p> + <h3 id="moderation-muting">Muting people in a channel</h3> + <p> + By default, anyone can speak in an IRC channel. To change this, you must be a channel owner, administrator, or operator.<br> + Channels, along with users, have modes, which modify their behavior. There is a special mode for channels called <code>m</code> (moderated) which requires users to be privileged in some way to talk.<br> + To set a channel as moderated, type the following in the channel: + </p> + <pre><code>/mode +m</code></pre> + <p> + Now, users must be an owner, administrator, operator, or be voiced to talk in the channel + This be reversed by typing the command above, but changing the <code>+</code> to a <code>-</code>.<br> + To voice a user, run the following, replacing <i><nick></i> with the user's nick: + </p> + <pre><code>/mode +v <i><nick></i></code></pre> + <p>Unvoice the user by typing the above command, but replacing the <code>+</code> with a <code>-</code>.</p> + <h3 id="moderation-appointing">Appointing channel administrators and operators</h3> + <p> + Assuming you a channel owner, you can appoint both administrators and operators. + If you are only an operator, you may only appoint operators.<br> + The difference between administrator and operator is mainly that administrators cannot have their privileges taken away by operators, only owners. + To appoint an administrator, type the following, replacing <i><nick></i> with the user's nick: + </p> + <pre><code>/mode +a <i><nick></i></code></pre> + <p>To appoint an operator, type the following, replacing <i><nick></i> with the user's nick:</p> + <pre><code>/mode +o <i><nick></i></code></pre> + <p> + You can also use <code>/op</code> and <code>/deop</code> on most clients to appoint and remove an operator.<br> + To remove administrator or operator status, run either of the above commands, but replace the <code>+</code> with a <code>-</code>. + </p> + <h2 id="thelounge">Bringing modern-day features to IRC with TheLounge</h3> + <p> + A large downside to IRC as a protocol is just how old it is, and the limitations that exist because of it. + Other old protocols such as HTTP were built to be content-agnostic and versitile, but IRC was built with a very specific set of features, so it has not held up so well to contemporary chat systems.<br> + A notable thing that IRC as a protocol is missing is file uploads, and other fancy features that many other chats have.<br> + With that said, these problems can be fixed by clients, although many clients are still very primitive. + </p> + <p> + <a href="https://thelounge.chat/">TheLounge</a> is a modern self-hosted IRC web client that tries to make IRC as user-friendly as possible. + It can be the answer to many of the complaints that normalfriends may have about IRC. It runs on anything with a web browser, can be "installed" since it is a PWA (Progressive Web App), + and is optimized for both desktops and mobile devices. It keeps you logged in even when you are gone, and even supports file uploads and embeds.<br> + Effectively, it brings IRC up to the standard of most other chat systems. + </p> + <p> + If you would like to setup an instance of TheLounge for you and your friends, you can take a look at their <a href="https://thelounge.chat/docs/install-and-upgrade">installation guide</a>.<br> + It is a self-hosted web app, so you can run it for multiple people, not just yourself. + </p> + <hr> + <p><i>Written by <a href="https://termer.net/">Termer</a></i></p> + </main> + +]]></description> +</item> + + +<item> +<title>Setting up Gitea</title> +<guid>https://landchad.net/gitea.html</guid> +<link>https://landchad.net/gitea.html</link> +<pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2021 16:14:22 -0400</pubDate> +<description><![CDATA[ + <header><h1>Setting up Gitea</h1></header> + + <main> + <img class=titleimg src="pix/gitea.svg"> + <p>Gitea allows you to self-host your git repositories similar to <a href="git.html">bare repositories</a>, but comes with additional features that you might know from GitHub, such as issues, pull requests or multiple users. Its advantage over GitLab—another Free Software GitHub clone—is that it is much more lightweight and easier to setup.</p> + <p>Head over to <a href="https://gitea.com">gitea.com</a> to see what it looks like in practice.</p> + <p>Although Gitea is lighter than Gitlab, if you have a VPS with only 512MB of RAM, you will probably have to upgrade. Gitea is more memory-intensive than having just a bare git repository.</p> + <h2>Installing Gitea</h2> + <p>First install a few dependencies:</p> + <pre><code>apt install curl sqlite3</code></pre> + <p>Unfortunately, Gitea itself is not in the official Debian repos, so we will add a third-party repository for it.</p> + <p>Add the repo's gpg key to apt's trusted keys:</p> + <pre><code>curl -sL -o /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/morph027-gitea.asc https://packaging.gitlab.io/gitea/gpg.key</code></pre> + <p>Then add the actual repository to apt:</p> + <pre><code>echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packaging.gitlab.io/gitea gitea main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/morph027-gitea.list</code></pre> + <p>Now we can install Gitea:<p> + <pre><code>apt update +apt install gitea</code></pre> + <p>Since apt automatically enables and starts the Gitea service, it should already be running on port <code>3000</code> on your server!</p> + <h2>Setting up a Nginx reverse proxy</h2> + <p>You should know how to generate SSL certificates and use Nginx by now. Add this to your Nginx config to proxy requests made to your git subdomain to Gitea running on port 3000:</p> + <pre><code> +server { + listen 443 ssl; + listen [::]:443 ssl; + ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/<strong>git.example.org</strong>.crt; + ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/<strong>git.example.org</strong>.key; + server_name <strong>git.example.org</strong>; + location / { + proxy_pass http://localhost:3000/; # The / is important! + proxy_redirect off; + proxy_set_header Host $host; + proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; + } +} + </pre></code> + <p>And reload Nginx:</p> + <pre><code>systemctl reload nginx</code></pre> + <h2>Setting up Gitea</h2> + <p>If everything worked fine you should now see a setup screen when you go to your configured domain in the browser. The options should be pretty self-explanatory, it is only important to select SQLite3 and to replace the base url and SSH server domain with your own.</p> + <dl> + <dt>Database Type:</dt> + <dd>SQLite3</dd> + <dt>SSH Server Domain:</dt> + <dd><strong>git.example.org</strong></dd> + <dt>Gitea Base URL:</dt> + <dd><strong>git.example.org</strong></dd> + </dl> + <p>These and other settings can be changed in a configuration file later so don't worry about making wrong decisions right now.</p> + <p>After clicking the install button you should now be able to log into your Gitea instance with the account you just created! Explore the settings for more things to do, such as setting up your SSH keys.</p> + <p>If Gitea does not load fully and has random errors, it is possible that you need to increase your available memory on your VPS. This can usually be done on your VPS-provider's website without too much trouble.</p> + <h2>A few extras</h2> + <h3>Automatically create a new repo on push</h3> + <p>This is an incredicly useful feature for me. Open up <code>/etc/gitea/app.ini</code> and add <code>DEFAULT_PUSH_CREATE_PRIVATE = true</code> to the <code>repository</code> section like so:</p> + <img src=pix/gitea-push-create.png> + <br> + <p>If you now add a remote to a repository like this</p> + <pre><code>git remote add origin 'ssh://gitea@git.<strong>example.org</strong>/<strong>username</strong>/<strong>coolproject</strong>.git'</code></pre> + <p>and push, Gitea will automatically create a private <code>coolproject</code> repository in your account!</p> + <h3>Change tab-width</h3> + <p>By default Gitea displays tabs 8 spaces wide, however I prefer 4 spaces. We can change this!</p> + <pre><code>mkdir -p /var/lib/gitea/custom/templates/custom/</code></pre> + <p>And write this into <code>/var/lib/gitea/custom/templates/custom/header.tmpl</code>:</p> + <pre><code><style> +.tab-size-8 { + tab-size: 4 !important; + -moz-tab-size: 4 !important; +} +</style></code></pre> + <h2>Contribution</h2> + <ul> + <li><a href="https://phire.cc">phire</a></li> + </ul> + </main> + +]]></description> +</item> + + +<item> +<title>Hosting Your Own Git Repositories</title> <guid>https://landchad.net/git.html</guid> <link>https://landchad.net/git.html</link> <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2021 07:19:51 -0400</pubDate> @@ -164,7 +1158,7 @@ mkdir git</code></pre> <item> -<title>Requiring Passwords for Webpages (HTTP Authentication) – LandChad.net</title> +<title>Requiring Passwords for Webpages (HTTP Authentication)</title> <guid>https://landchad.net/auth.html</guid> <link>https://landchad.net/auth.html</link> <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2021 07:19:27 -0400</pubDate> @@ -268,7 +1262,7 @@ mkdir git</code></pre> <item> -<title>Cronjobs – LandChad.net</title> +<title>Cronjobs</title> <guid>https://landchad.net/cron.html</guid> <link>https://landchad.net/cron.html</link> <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jul 2021 07:19:04 -0400</pubDate> diff --git a/server.html b/server.html index 08ddcc2..aa8182f 100644 --- a/server.html +++ b/server.html @@ -140,6 +140,6 @@ There's a low chance of their whole system collapsing or something, but I say it's a good idea to be hyper-precautious. </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/sshkeys.html b/sshkeys.html index 24154ba..33aabe0 100644 --- a/sshkeys.html +++ b/sshkeys.html @@ -167,6 +167,6 @@ UsePAM <strong>no</strong></code></pre> </p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/standalone.html b/standalone.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2336b2f --- /dev/null +++ b/standalone.html @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang=en> + <head> + <title>Certbot on Standalone Domains and Subdomains – LandChad.net</title> + <meta charset="utf-8"/> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' title='Land Chad RSS' href='/rss.xml'> + </head> +<body> + <header><h1>Certbot on Standalone Domains and Subdomains</h1></header> + <nav></nav> + <main> + <p>The command <code>certbot --nginx</code> will take an unencrypted website on an Nginx configuration file, get a certificate for it and change the configuration to use that certificate and thus HTTPS.</p> + + <p>Sometimes, however, you are given an Nginx configuration template that already has encryption/HTTPS, so running the automated <code>certbot --nginx</code> is not possible, as it will simply give an error saying that the certicate that Nginx is looking for doesn't already exist and thus the Nginx config is broken.</p> + + <p>So suppose you want to get a certificate for <strong>pleroma.example.org</strong> because you are installing Pleroma and the configuration file presupposes a certificate. + In this case you would want to run this:</p> + + <pre><code>systemctl stop nginx +certbot certonly --standalone -d <strong>pleroma.example.org</strong> +systemctl start nginx</code></pre> + + <p>What we do here is temporarily turn of Nginx, then run a <code>certonly</code> subcommand that generates a certificate for the domain without changing or caring about the Nginx configuration. Then we reactivate Nginx, thus turning back on our webserver.</p> + <p>The reason we deactivate Nginx is that it uses the ports that Certbot will want to bind to, and thus we must temporarily turn Nginx off to let Certbot use those ports. (What it actually does is spin up a dummy webserver that doesn't need to think about the Nginx configuration.)</p> + <p>This is just a little note of something that might confuse people, but the three commands above should suffice. If your site is still managed by Nginx, it should still be able to renew with simple <code>certbot renew --nginx</code> without a problem.</p> + </main> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> +</body> +</html> @@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ aside.callout { padding-left: 10px ; padding-right: 10px ; } -.cryptoinfo code { +.cryptoinfo code,.crypto { font-size: small ; overflow-wrap: break-word ; } diff --git a/template.html b/template.html index 7384113..576995d 100644 --- a/template.html +++ b/template.html @@ -15,6 +15,6 @@ <++> <span class=next><a href="<++>">Next:<++></a></span> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=en> <head> - <title>Mirror your site over tor</title> + <title>Mirror your site over Tor</title> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> @@ -22,24 +22,24 @@ <h3>Installing Tor</h3> - <p>Firstly we need to add the tor repo's to have the latest up to date version or tor.</p> + <p>Firstly we need to add the Tor repos to our system to get the latest version of Tor:</p> <pre><code>apt install -y apt-transport-https gpg echo "deb https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org buster main deb-src https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org buster main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/tor.list</code></pre> - <p>Then we need to add the gpg keys to our keyring</p> + <p>Then we need to add the gpg keys to our keyring:</p> <pre><code>curl -s https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org/A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89.asc | gpg --import gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | apt-key add -</code></pre> - <p>Now update and install tor</p> + <p>Now update and install Tor:</p> <pre><code>apt update apt install tor deb.torproject.org-keyring</code></pre> <h3>Enabling Tor</h3> - <p>Then edit the file <code>/etc/tor/torrc</code>, uncommenting the following lines:</p> + <p>Next edit the file <code>/etc/tor/torrc</code>, uncommenting the following lines:</p> <pre><code>HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/hidden_service/ HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:80</code></pre> <aside> @@ -51,19 +51,19 @@ HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:80</code></pre> HiddenServiceDir line.</p> </aside> - <p>Now start and enable tor at boot</p> + <p>Now start and enable Tor at boot:</p> <pre><code> systemctl enable --now tor </code></pre> <p>If the next command outputs <q>active</q> in green you're golden!</p> <pre><code> systemctl status tor</code></pre> - <p>Now you're server is on the dark web. The following command will give you your onion address:</p> + <p>Now your server is on the dark web. The following command will give you your onion address:</p> <pre><code> cat /var/lib/tor/hidden_service/hostname</code></pre> <h2>Adding the Nginx Config</h2> <p> From here, the steps are almost identical to setting up a normal website configuration file. - Follow the steps as if you were making a new website on the webserver + Follow the steps as if you were making a new website in the webserver <a href="nginx.html">tutorial</a> up until the server block of code. Instead, paste this: </p> @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ HiddenServicePort 80 127.0.0.1:80</code></pre> <p>The <code>root</code> line is the path to whichever website of yours you'd like to mirror.</p> </aside> <p> - From here we are almost done, all we have to do is enable the site and reload nginx which is also covered in <a href="nginx.html#enable">the webserver tutorial</a>. + Now we are almost done, all we have to do is enable the site and reload nginx which, is also covered in <a href="nginx.html#enable">the webserver tutorial</a>. </p> <h3>Update regularly!</h3> @@ -92,6 +92,6 @@ apt install tor</code></pre> <p><strong>Contributor</strong> - <a href="https://tomfasano.xyz" target="_blank">tomfasano.xyz</a></p> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> diff --git a/ufw.html b/ufw.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62ffa29 --- /dev/null +++ b/ufw.html @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang=en> + <head> + <title>Using UFW as a Firewall – LandChad.net</title> + <meta charset="utf-8"/> + <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> + <link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' href='style.css'> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> + <link rel='alternate' type='application/rss+xml' title='Land Chad RSS' href='/rss.xml'> + </head> +<body> + <header><h1>Using UFW as a Firewall</h1></header> + <nav></nav> + <main> + <p> + <strong>Uncomplicated Firewall</strong> (UFW) is a front-facing program for the more involved <code>iptables</code> firewall program installed in most GNU/Linux distributions. + We can use <code>ufw</code> to restrict machines on the internet to only access the services (SSH, websites etc) you want them to, but it can also be used to prevent programs on the computer itself from accesing parts of the internet it shouldn't. + </p> + + <h2 id="how-to-get-it">How to Get It</h2> + + <p>Log into your server by pulling up a terminal and typing:</p> + + <pre><code>ssh root@<strong>example.org</strong></code></pre> + + <p> + This command will attempt to log into your server and run a remote shell. + If you leave the settings default, it should prompt you for your password, and you can just copy or type in the password from Vultr's site. + </p> + + <p> + Some VPS providers automatically install <code>ufw</code>, but if you do not have it installed already, install it in the typical way: + </p> + + <pre><code>apt install ufw</code></pre> + + <h2 id="first-time-setup">First-Time Setup</h2> + + <p>You can check the status of <code>ufw</code> right now by running:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw status</code></pre> + + <p>Without any changes, it should report back <code>Status: inactive</code>. Let's set it up so that only connections to SSH (standardized at port 22) are allowed in, and then enable the firewall:</p> + + <aside> + <strong>Careful!</strong> Enabling <code>ufw</code> without allowing SSH will block you from remoting to your server. + Double-check that you have allowed SSH, and if you have changed the default SSH port, put in <em>that</em> number instead. + </aside> + + <pre><code>ufw default deny incoming # block all incoming connections by default +ufw allow in ssh # or: ufw allow in 22 +ufw enable</code></pre> + + <aside> + <code>ufw</code> has an internal list of protocols applications, and the ports used by them. + In this case, it knwos SSH is on port 22. + We'll go more in detail how to view all protocols <code>ufw</code> knows about. + By default, when you allow an incoming port, it allows that port both on IPv4 and IPv6. + </aside> + + <p> + With the firewall enabled and allowing only SSH in, all other ports are prortected from incoming requests. + To view all your rules, run: + </p> + + <pre><code>ufw status verbose</code></pre> + + <p>A firewall that allows to connect to SSH and their website may look like:</p> + + <pre><code>Status: active +Logging: on (low) +Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), deny (routed) +New profiles: skip + +To Action From +-- ------ ---- +22 (SSH) ALLOW IN Anywhere +80,443/tcp (WWW Full) ALLOW IN Anywhere +22 (SSH (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) +80,443/tcp (WWW Full (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)</code></pre> + + <p>If you want to delete e.g. the 'WWW Full' rule, run:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw delete allow in 'WWW Full' +ufw reload</pre></code> + + <h2 id="enabling-common-services">Enabling Common Services</h2> + + <p> + You have blocked all incoming ports but SSH, which means no outsiders would be able to access other services, like an email server or your website. + You should look at the ports your services are open on and enable them individually. + Here is a list of a few common services: + </p> + + <h3>Opening Port Numbers</h3> + + <p>Suppose you install <a href="gemini.html">a Gemini server</a>, which must broadcast on port 1965. By default <code>ufw</code> blocks all incoming connections on all ports, so whenever you install a new service like this you will have to tell <code>ufw</code> to enable the desired port:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw allow 1985</code></pre> + + <h3>Websites: HTTP and HTTPS</h3> + + <p>HTTP uses port 80 and HTTPS uses port 443. We can enable them like this:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw allow 80 +ufw allow 443</code></pre> + + <p>But <code>ufw</code> additionally knows the typical ports of common serives, so you can also run this:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw allow http +ufw allow https</code></pre> + + <p>And that will do the same thing. There are also other abbreviations for common port lists:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw allow in 'WWW Full'</code></pre> + + + <p>To see these other "apps" that <code>ufw</code> knows by default, run <code>ufw app list</code></p> + + + <h3>Email: IMAP, POP3, and SMTP</h3> + + <pre><code>ufw allow in IMAPS +ufw allow in POP3 +ufw allow in SMTP +ufw allow in 'Postfix SMTPS' +ufw allow in 'Mail Submission'</pre></code> + + <h2 id="fine-tuning-rules">Fine-Tuning Rules</h2> + + <p>Instead of denying all ports by default, you may want to deny (ignores incoming requests) or reject (explicitly tells requests they're not allowed):</p> + + <pre><code>ufw default allow in +ufw deny in <strong>PORT</strong> +ufw reject in <strong>PORT</strong> +ufw reload</code></pre> + + <p>You can add rules to comments to remember what they are there for:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw allow in <strong>PORT</strong> comment 'Secret SSH' +ufw reload +ufw status verbose</code></pre> + + <p>Output:</p> + + <pre><code>To Action From +-- ------ ---- +<strong>PORT</strong> ALLOW IN Anywhere # Secret SSH +<strong>PORT</strong> (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6) # Secret SSH</pre></code> + + <p>To deny outgoing ports:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw deny out <strong>PORT</strong></code></pre> + + <p>Ratelimiting is useful to protect against brute-force login attacks, like in SSH. Only IPv4 is supported for now. Enable it by running:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw limit <strong>PORT</strong>/tcp</code></pre> + + <p>To blocklist IP addresses:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw deny from <strong>IP_ADDRESS</strong></code></pre> + + <p>To read more what you can do with <code>ufw</code>, run:</p> + + <pre><code>man ufw</code></pre> + + <h2 id="recovering-from-losing-ssh">Recovering SSH</h2> + + <p> + If you have accidentally firewalled yourself from logging on your computer, you can recover access by using your VPS's virtual console. + On Vultr, this is on your VPS's menu. To the right of the server name, It is the leftmost icon that looks like a monitor. + </p> + + <a href="pix/ssh-01.png"><img src="pix/ssh-01.png" alt="View Console"></a> + + <p>Log in through there, and disable ufw by typing:</p> + + <pre><code>ufw disable</code></pre> + + + <h2 id="further-reading">Further Reading</h2> + + <ul> + <li><a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UncomplicatedFirewall">Ubuntu Wiki: UncomplicatedFirewall</a></li> + <li><a href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Gufw">Gufw (Graphical UFW)</a></li> + <li><code>man ufw</code></li> + </ul> + + <strong>Contributor</strong> - <a href="https://shunter.xyz">shunter.xyz</a> + </main> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> +</body> +</html> @@ -184,6 +184,6 @@ With any system service, use <code>systemctl reload</code> or <code>systemctl re <pre><code>systemctl reload prosody</code></pre> </main> - <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><li><a href="index.html"><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></a></li><li><a href="rss.xml"><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></a></li><li><a href="pix/btc.png"><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></a></li><li><a href="pix/xmr.png"><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></a></li><li><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></a></footer> + <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> </body> </html> |
